在Nginx位置规则中使用变量

Question

在Nginx中，我试图定义一个变量，它允许我为所有位置块配置一个子文件夹。我这样做：

set $folder '/test'; 

location $folder/ { 
    [...] 
} 

location $folder/something { 
    [...] 
} 

不幸的是，这似乎并不奏效。虽然Nginx不会抱怨语法，但在请求/test/时会返回404。如果我明确写入文件夹，它就会起作用。那么如何在位置块中使用变量？

Answer 1

你不能。 Nginx的真的不支持配置文件中的变量，它的开发嘲笑添加大家谁问这个功能：

“[变量]是相当昂贵相比，纯静态配置[A]宏扩展和应使用“include”指令[例如sed + make或其他常用模板机制]。“ http://nginx.org/en/docs/faq/variables_in_config.html

您应该编写或下载一个小工具，该工具将允许您从占位符配置文件生成配置文件。

更新下面仍然代码工作，但我已经把它包起来都成一个小PHP程序/库调用Configurator也Packagist，这使得易产生的nginx的/ PHP-FPM等配置文件，从模板和各种形式的配置数据。

例如我nginx的源配置文件看起来是这样的：

location/{ 
    try_files $uri /routing.php?$args; 
    fastcgi_pass unix:%phpfpm.socket%/php-fpm-www.sock; 
    include  %mysite.root.directory%/conf/fastcgi.conf; 
} 

然后，我有定义的变量的配置文件：

phpfpm.socket=/var/run/php-fpm.socket 
mysite.root.directory=/home/mysite 

然后我生成使用实际的配置文件。它看起来像你是一个Python的家伙，所以一个基于PHP的例子可能不帮你，而是为别人谁不使用PHP：

<?php 

require_once('path.php'); 

$filesToGenerate = array(
    'conf/nginx.conf' => 'autogen/nginx.conf', 
    'conf/mysite.nginx.conf' => 'autogen/mysite.nginx.conf', 
    'conf/mysite.php-fpm.conf' => 'autogen/mysite.php-fpm.conf', 
    'conf/my.cnf' => 'autogen/my.cnf', 
); 

$environment = 'amazonec2'; 

if ($argc >= 2){ 
    $environmentRequired = $argv[1]; 

    $allowedVars = array(
     'amazonec2', 
     'macports', 
    ); 

    if (in_array($environmentRequired, $allowedVars) == true){ 
     $environment = $environmentRequired; 
    } 
} 
else{ 
    echo "Defaulting to [".$environment."] environment"; 
} 

$config = getConfigForEnvironment($environment); 

foreach($filesToGenerate as $inputFilename => $outputFilename){ 
    generateConfigFile(PATH_TO_ROOT.$inputFilename, PATH_TO_ROOT.$outputFilename, $config); 
} 


function getConfigForEnvironment($environment){ 
    $config = parse_ini_file(PATH_TO_ROOT."conf/deployConfig.ini", TRUE); 
    $configWithMarkers = array(); 
    foreach($config[$environment] as $key => $value){ 
     $configWithMarkers['%'.$key.'%'] = $value; 
    } 

    return $configWithMarkers; 
} 


function generateConfigFile($inputFilename, $outputFilename, $config){ 

    $lines = file($inputFilename); 

    if($lines === FALSE){ 
     echo "Failed to read [".$inputFilename."] for reading."; 
     exit(-1); 
    } 

    $fileHandle = fopen($outputFilename, "w"); 

    if($fileHandle === FALSE){ 
     echo "Failed to read [".$outputFilename."] for writing."; 
     exit(-1); 
    } 

    $search = array_keys($config); 
    $replace = array_values($config); 

    foreach($lines as $line){ 
     $line = str_replace($search, $replace, $line); 
     fwrite($fileHandle, $line); 
    } 

    fclose($fileHandle); 
} 

?> 

然后deployConfig.ini看起来像：

[global] 

;global variables go here. 

[amazonec2] 
nginx.log.directory = /var/log/nginx 
nginx.root.directory = /usr/share/nginx 
nginx.conf.directory = /etc/nginx 
nginx.run.directory = /var/run 
nginx.user   = nginx 

[macports] 
nginx.log.directory = /opt/local/var/log/nginx 
nginx.root.directory = /opt/local/share/nginx 
nginx.conf.directory = /opt/local/etc/nginx 
nginx.run.directory = /opt/local/var/run 
nginx.user   = _www 

Answer 2

你可以做你提议的相反。

location (/test)/ { 
    set $folder $1; 
} 

location (/test_/something { 
    set $folder $1; 
} 

Answer 3

修正的python版本的@ danack的PHP生成脚本。它生成所有文件&生活在build/内的父文件夹，替换所有{{placeholder}}匹配的文件夹。在运行脚本之前，您需要将cd转换为build/。

文件结构

build/ 
-- (files/folders you want to generate) 
-- build.py 

sites-available/... 
sites-enabled/... 
nginx.conf 
... 

build.py

import os, re 

# Configurations 
target = os.path.join('.', '..') 
variables = { 
    'placeholder': 'your replacement here' 
} 


# Loop files 
def loop(cb, subdir=''): 
    dir = os.path.join('.', subdir); 

    for name in os.listdir(dir): 
    file = os.path.join(dir, name) 
    newsubdir = os.path.join(subdir, name) 

    if name == 'build.py': continue 
    if os.path.isdir(file): loop(cb, newsubdir) 
    else: cb(subdir, name) 


# Update file 
def replacer(subdir, name): 
    dir = os.path.join(target, subdir) 
    file = os.path.join(dir, name) 
    oldfile = os.path.join('.', subdir, name) 

    with open(oldfile, "r") as fin: 
    data = fin.read() 

    for key, replacement in variables.iteritems(): 
    data = re.sub(r"{{\s*" + key + "\s*}}", replacement, data) 

    if not os.path.exists(dir): 
    os.makedirs(dir) 

    with open(file, "w") as fout: 
    fout.write(data) 


# Start variable replacements. 
loop(replacer)