使用<a href="http://matplotlib.org/basemap/users/figures/plotprecip.py" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this piece of code</a>汲取状态的缩写在matplotlib底图

Question

我借鉴底图一些数据，并在后台使用状态的界限：

from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap, cm 
# requires netcdf4-python (netcdf4-python.googlecode.com) 
from netCDF4 import Dataset as NetCDFFile 
import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

# plot rainfall from NWS using special precipitation 
# colormap used by the NWS, and included in basemap. 

nc = NetCDFFile('../../../examples/nws_precip_conus_20061222.nc') 
# data from http://water.weather.gov/precip/ 
prcpvar = nc.variables['amountofprecip'] 
data = 0.01*prcpvar[:] 
latcorners = nc.variables['lat'][:] 
loncorners = -nc.variables['lon'][:] 
lon_0 = -nc.variables['true_lon'].getValue() 
lat_0 = nc.variables['true_lat'].getValue() 
# create figure and axes instances 
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,8)) 
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8]) 
# create polar stereographic Basemap instance. 
m = Basemap(projection='stere',lon_0=lon_0,lat_0=90.,lat_ts=lat_0,\ 
      llcrnrlat=latcorners[0],urcrnrlat=latcorners[2],\ 
      llcrnrlon=loncorners[0],urcrnrlon=loncorners[2],\ 
      rsphere=6371200.,resolution='l',area_thresh=10000) 
# draw coastlines, state and country boundaries, edge of map. 
m.drawcoastlines() 
m.drawstates() 
m.drawcountries() 
plt.show() 

它是一种方法，在地图上绘制状态的名称（如CA加州） ？

Answer 1

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap as Basemap 
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon 

short_state_names = { 
     'AK': 'Alaska', 
     'AL': 'Alabama', 
     'AR': 'Arkansas', 
     'AS': 'American Samoa', 
     'AZ': 'Arizona', 
     'CA': 'California', 
     'CO': 'Colorado', 
     'CT': 'Connecticut', 
     'DC': 'District of Columbia', 
     'DE': 'Delaware', 
     'FL': 'Florida', 
     'GA': 'Georgia', 
     'GU': 'Guam', 
     'HI': 'Hawaii', 
     'IA': 'Iowa', 
     'ID': 'Idaho', 
     'IL': 'Illinois', 
     'IN': 'Indiana', 
     'KS': 'Kansas', 
     'KY': 'Kentucky', 
     'LA': 'Louisiana', 
     'MA': 'Massachusetts', 
     'MD': 'Maryland', 
     'ME': 'Maine', 
     'MI': 'Michigan', 
     'MN': 'Minnesota', 
     'MO': 'Missouri', 
     'MP': 'Northern Mariana Islands', 
     'MS': 'Mississippi', 
     'MT': 'Montana', 
     'NA': 'National', 
     'NC': 'North Carolina', 
     'ND': 'North Dakota', 
     'NE': 'Nebraska', 
     'NH': 'New Hampshire', 
     'NJ': 'New Jersey', 
     'NM': 'New Mexico', 
     'NV': 'Nevada', 
     'NY': 'New York', 
     'OH': 'Ohio', 
     'OK': 'Oklahoma', 
     'OR': 'Oregon', 
     'PA': 'Pennsylvania', 
     'PR': 'Puerto Rico', 
     'RI': 'Rhode Island', 
     'SC': 'South Carolina', 
     'SD': 'South Dakota', 
     'TN': 'Tennessee', 
     'TX': 'Texas', 
     'UT': 'Utah', 
     'VA': 'Virginia', 
     'VI': 'Virgin Islands', 
     'VT': 'Vermont', 
     'WA': 'Washington', 
     'WI': 'Wisconsin', 
     'WV': 'West Virginia', 
     'WY': 'Wyoming' 
} 

m = Basemap(llcrnrlon=-119,llcrnrlat=22,urcrnrlon=-64,urcrnrlat=49, 
      projection='lcc',lat_1=33,lat_2=45,lon_0=-95) 
# data from U.S Census Bureau 
# http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/st2000.html 
shp_info = m.readshapefile('st99_d00','states',drawbounds=True) 
printed_names = [] 
for shapedict,state in zip(m.states_info, m.states): 
    short_name = short_state_names.keys()[short_state_names.values().index(shapedict['NAME'])] 
    if short_name in printed_names: continue 
    # center of polygon 
    x, y = np.array(state).mean(axis=0) 
    # You have to align x,y manually to avoid overlapping for little states 
    plt.text(x+.1, y, short_name, ha="center") 
    printed_names += [short_name,] 

m.drawparallels(np.arange(25,65,20),labels=[1,0,0,0]) 
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-120,-40,20),labels=[0,0,0,1]) 
plt.title('The United States of North America') 
plt.show() 

Answer 2

的@Serenity答案是正确的，但其中的缩写应放置应手动改变对于一些小的状态（例如看FL）。

而不是一个国家的多边形的所有点的意思，可以绘制凸点在这些点上，并使用这些点的平均值。这不会改变很多，但可能对某人有用。

还有一个问题，有些州有几个小岛，我们在这里没有绘制它们（当short_name在printed_names中时跳过这些岛）。在密歇根州和威斯康星州，这些岛屿在主要国家之前来到，因此它们没有被吸引。我查了一下，主要的密歇根州是4号，威斯康星州是3号，所以我们只是画了第四密歇根州和第三Wisonsin的州名。

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap as Basemap 
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon 
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull, Voronoi 
import pdb 

short_state_names = { 
     'AK': 'Alaska', 
     'AL': 'Alabama', 
     'AR': 'Arkansas', 
     'AS': 'American Samoa', 
     'AZ': 'Arizona', 
     'CA': 'California', 
     'CO': 'Colorado', 
     'CT': 'Connecticut', 
     'DC': 'District of Columbia', 
     'DE': 'Delaware', 
     'FL': 'Florida', 
     'GA': 'Georgia', 
     'GU': 'Guam', 
     'HI': 'Hawaii', 
     'IA': 'Iowa', 
     'ID': 'Idaho', 
     'IL': 'Illinois', 
     'IN': 'Indiana', 
     'KS': 'Kansas', 
     'KY': 'Kentucky', 
     'LA': 'Louisiana', 
     'MA': 'Massachusetts', 
     'MD': 'Maryland', 
     'ME': 'Maine', 
     'MI': 'Michigan', 
     'MN': 'Minnesota', 
     'MO': 'Missouri', 
     'MP': 'Northern Mariana Islands', 
     'MS': 'Mississippi', 
     'MT': 'Montana', 
     'NA': 'National', 
     'NC': 'North Carolina', 
     'ND': 'North Dakota', 
     'NE': 'Nebraska', 
     'NH': 'New Hampshire', 
     'NJ': 'New Jersey', 
     'NM': 'New Mexico', 
     'NV': 'Nevada', 
     'NY': 'New York', 
     'OH': 'Ohio', 
     'OK': 'Oklahoma', 
     'OR': 'Oregon', 
     'PA': 'Pennsylvania', 
     'PR': 'Puerto Rico', 
     'RI': 'Rhode Island', 
     'SC': 'South Carolina', 
     'SD': 'South Dakota', 
     'TN': 'Tennessee', 
     'TX': 'Texas', 
     'UT': 'Utah', 
     'VA': 'Virginia', 
     'VI': 'Virgin Islands', 
     'VT': 'Vermont', 
     'WA': 'Washington', 
     'WI': 'Wisconsin', 
     'WV': 'West Virginia', 
     'WY': 'Wyoming' 
} 

m = Basemap(llcrnrlon=-119,llcrnrlat=22,urcrnrlon=-64,urcrnrlat=49, 
      projection='lcc',lat_1=33,lat_2=45,lon_0=-95) 
# data from U.S Census Bureau 
# http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/st2000.html 
shp_info = m.readshapefile('./data/us_states_st99/st99_d00','states',drawbounds=True) 
printed_names = [] 
mi_index = 0 
wi_index = 0 
for shapedict,state in zip(m.states_info, m.states): 
    draw_state_name = True 
    short_name = short_state_names.keys()[short_state_names.values().index(shapedict['NAME'])] 
    if short_name in printed_names and short_name not in ['MI', 'WI']: 
     continue 
    if short_name == 'MI': 
     if mi_index != 3: 
      draw_state_name = False 
     mi_index += 1 
    if short_name == 'WI': 
     if wi_index != 2: 
      draw_state_name = False 
     wi_index += 1 
    # center of polygon 
    x, y = np.array(state).mean(axis=0) 
    hull = ConvexHull(state) 
    hull_points = np.array(state)[hull.vertices] 
    #center of convex hull over the polygon points 
    x, y = hull_points.mean(axis=0) 
    if draw_state_name: 
     # You have to align x,y manually to avoid overlapping for little states 
     plt.text(x+.1, y, short_name, ha="center") 
    printed_names += [short_name,] 

m.drawparallels(np.arange(25,65,20),labels=[1,0,0,0]) 
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-120,-40,20),labels=[0,0,0,1]) 
plt.title('The United States of North America') 
plt.show() 

如果你关心你应该做的那些岛屿类似的东西（如不继续，得出你需要做的多边形而不是名称，或其他）其他国家的其他岛屿。