Python tkinter代码不起作用

Question

我是编程新手，最近开始使用python进行编码。 我正在编写一个带有示例程序代码的教科书。下面的代码来自该书，并且根据它们的亮度（它们的RGB值的总和），通过将颜色分配给每个像素黑色或白色，将彩色图像变成黑白图像。

from tkinter import * 
    def black_white(): 
average = 382.5 
for x in range (image.width()): 
    for y in range (image.height()): 
     c = image.get(x, y) 
     brightness = int(c[0]) + int(c[1]) + int(c[2]) 
     if brightness < average: 
      image.put("black", (x)) 
     else: 
      image.put("white", (x)) 

    window = Tk() 
    image = PhotoImage(file="1.gif") 
    button = Button(master=window, command=black_white, 
      font=("Arial", 14), 
      text="Bearbeiten") 

    label = Label(master=window, image=image) 
    label.pack() 
    button.pack(fill=X) 
    window.mainloop() 

然而，该代码不起作用，该错误消息我得到的是：

Exception in Tkinter callback 
    Traceback (most recent call last): 
     File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1550, in __call__ 
return self.func(*args) 
     File "/Users/(anonymous)/Desktop/programmieren/raspberry_lehrbuch/schwarzweiß.pyw", line 8, in black_white 
brightness = int(c[0]) + int(c[1]) + int(c[2]) 
    ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' ' 

我已经做了一些调查，但无法找到任何东西，使它工作。帮助是非常赞赏:) 哦，我使用的MacBook Pro 2010年埃尔卡皮坦

Answer 1

变化(x)到(x,y)，必须位置x, y

from tkinter import * 


def black_white(): 
    average = 382.5 
    for x in range(image.width()): 
     for y in range(image.height()): 
      c = image.get(x, y) 
      brightness = int(c[0]) + int(c[1]) + int(c[2]) 
      if brightness < average: 
       image.put("black", (x, y)) 
      else: 
       image.put("white", (x, y)) 


window = Tk() 
image = PhotoImage(file="1.gif") 
button = Button(master=window, command=black_white, 
       font=("Arial", 14), 
       text="Bearbeiten") 

label = Label(master=window, image=image) 
label.pack() 
button.pack(fill=X) 
window.mainloop() 

前点击：

点击后：