Android Studio中多dex文件所gradle这个错误

Question

，当我运行 - 我得到这个错误>应用程序为Android Studio中

UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION: 
    com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/google/common/annotations/Beta; 
... 

而且这里的Android应用程序是gradlew -q的输出：应用：依赖

+--- project :shared 
+--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0 
| +--- com.google.oauth-client:google-oauth-client:1.19.0 
| | +--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client:1.19.0 
| | | +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9 
| | | \--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.0.1 
| | |   +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.0.1 
| | |   +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.1 
| | |   \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.3 
| | \--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9 
| +--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-jackson2:1.19.0 
| | +--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client:1.19.0 (*) 
| | \--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.1.3 
| \--- com.google.guava:guava-jdk5:13.0 
+--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-gson:1.19.0 
| \--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.1 
+--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client-android:1.19.0 
| +--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0 (*) 
| \--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-android:1.19.0 
|   \--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client:1.19.0 (*) 
+--- com.google.http-client:google-http-client-android:1.19.0 (*) 
+--- com.google.guava:guava:14.0.+ -> 14.0.1 
+--- project :backend-appengine 
| \--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client-android:1.19.0 (*) 
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:20.0.0 
| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:20.0.0 
|   \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:20.0.0 
+--- com.google.android.gms:play-services:5.0.89 
\--- com.google.maps.android:android-maps-utils:0.3.+ -> 0.3.1 

下面是从的build.gradle

dependencies { 
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) 
    compile project(':shared') 
    // Add the Google API client library. 
    compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client', version: '1.19.0') { 
     // Exclude artifacts that the Android SDK/Runtime provides. 
     exclude(group: 'com.google.guava')  //-- !!! this does not seem to work !!! 
     exclude(group: 'xpp3', module: 'xpp3') 
     exclude(group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents', module: 'httpclient') 
     exclude(group: 'junit', module: 'junit') 
     exclude(group: 'com.google.android', module: 'android') 
     exclude(group: 'com.google.http-client', module: 'google-http-client') 
    } 

    compile('com.google.http-client:google-http-client-gson:1.19.0') { 
     exclude module: 'httpclient' 
     exclude(group: 'com.google.http-client', module: 'google-http-client') 
    } 

    compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client-android', version: '1.19.0') { 
     exclude(group: 'com.google.android.gms', module: 'play-services') 
     exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5' 
    } 

    compile(group: 'com.google.http-client', name: 'google-http-client-android', version: '1.19.0') { 
     exclude(group: 'com.google.android', module: 'android') 
    } 

    // This is used by the Google HTTP client library. 
    compile(group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '14.0.+') 

    //-- endpoints 
    dependencies { 
     compile project(path: ':backend-appengine', configuration: 'android-endpoints') 
    } 

    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:20.0.0' 
    compile ('com.google.android.gms:play-services:5.0.89') { 
     exclude(group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4') 
    } 
    compile ('com.google.maps.android:android-maps-utils:0.3.+') { 
     exclude(group: 'com.google.android.gms', module: 'play-services') 
    } 
} 

Answer 1

的com.google.common.annotations包似乎是不相上下的依赖性块吨的番石榴。我看到它在依赖两次略有不同的变化：曾经为谷歌API客户端的一部分，曾经作为自己的依赖性：

+--- com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0 
| \--- com.google.guava:guava-jdk5:13.0 

和

+--- com.google.guava:guava:14.0.+ -> 14.0.1 

那么这个错误的原因是你在多个dex文件中定义了相同的类（在Guava库的不同变体中）被其他依赖包含在其中。您需要找到一种方法来排除这些重复的依赖项，或者可能只需确保在所有依赖项中使用相同的版本。

你可以尝试的一件事是从一个依赖关系中排除guava模块。所以，在这里你必须定义的API客户端模块，添加排除规则的番石榴模块：

compile ('com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.19.0') { 
    exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5' 
} 

我不能保证这不会导致对谷歌API客户端库的问题（因为它们是两个不同番石榴的版本），但它是值得一试。

编辑：从您的depdencies，尝试改变这一点：

compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client', version: '1.19.0') { 
    // Exclude artifacts that the Android SDK/Runtime provides. 
    exclude(group: 'com.google.guava')  //-- !!! this does not seem to work !!! 

到：

compile(group: 'com.google.api-client', name: 'google-api-client', version: '1.19.0') { 
    exclude(group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5') 

在谷歌的API客户端功能的Android库实际上并不包含番石榴 - 我没”意识到你在那里有两个类似命名的依赖关系。

Answer 2

看来你不能在同一个项目中同时使用番石榴和番石榴-jdk5。番石榴JDK5仍在维持，所以考虑改变项目的番石榴参考番石榴JDK5：

compile 'com.google.guava:guava-jdk5:17.0' 

Answer 3

对于那些谁正在使用谷歌云端点在Android应用：

compile(project(path: ':backend', configuration: 'android-endpoints')) { 
    exclude(module: 'guava-jdk5') 
} 

哪里backend是名您的模块与AppEngine应用程序。

在其他情况下，只需查找guava-jdk5传递性依赖项并排除它。

Answer 4

这是正确的解决方案，为我工作。从每个单独的导入中排除guava-jdk5依赖项模块会适得其反（对我而言，它不起作用，因为我的应用程序依赖于我的后端来自某些内部依赖项，这暴露了此方法的实际问题）。

下解决了这个问题，是推荐的方法：

configurations { 
    all*.exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava-jdk5' 
} 

来源：https://docs.gradle.org/current/dsl/org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration.html