奇怪的Oracle SQL“无效的”错误

Question

谁能帮助我弄清楚，为什么我得到一个错误的cms.CRIME_ID：

invalid identifier

select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.CRIME_ID, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount 
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id 
join crime_charges cc using (crime_id) 
order by c.first, c.last; 

我知道绝对的事实，列存在，我可以引用所有其他除此之外，该表中的列。

与该列唯一不同的是它是该表的主键。

编辑：这是完整的错误和表创建脚本。

Error starting at line 1 in command: 
select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.CRIME_ID, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount 
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id 
join crime_charges cc using (crime_id) 
order by c.first, c.last 
Error at Command Line:1 Column:39 
Error report: 
SQL Error: ORA-00904: "CMS"."CRIME_ID": invalid identifier 
00904. 00000 - "%s: invalid identifier" 
*Cause:  
*Action: 

---

CREATE TABLE crimes 
     (crime_id NUMBER(9), 
     criminal_id NUMBER(6), 
     classification CHAR(1), 
     date_charged DATE, 
     status CHAR(2), 
     hearing_date DATE, 
     appeal_cut_date DATE); 

ALTER TABLE crimes 
    MODIFY (classification DEFAULT 'U'); 
ALTER TABLE crimes 
    ADD (date_recorded DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE); 
ALTER TABLE crimes 
    MODIFY (criminal_id NOT NULL); 
ALTER TABLE crimes 
    ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (crime_id); 
ALTER TABLE crimes 
    ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_class_ck CHECK (classification IN('F','M','O','U')); 
ALTER TABLE crimes 
    ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_status_ck CHECK (status IN('CL','CA','IA')); 
ALTER TABLE crimes 
    ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_criminalid_fk FOREIGN KEY (criminal_id) 
      REFERENCES criminals(criminal_id); 
ALTER TABLE crimes 
    MODIFY (criminal_id NOT NULL); 

---

EDIT2：另外，我也许应该提到的是不使用的时候加入，只是普通的SELECT语句，我可以访问列就好了，如下面的代码示例：

select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.crime_id, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount 
from criminals c, crime_charges cc, crimes cms 
where c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id 
and cms.crime_id = cc.crime_id 
order by c.first, c.last; 

Answer 1

你试过以下吗？

Join On (Left Id) = (Right Id) 

相反关键字Using

Answer 2

试，使一个别名加入语句子句：

select alias.criminal_id, alias.first, alias.last, alias.CRIME_ID, alias.crime_code, alias.fine_amount 
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id 
join crime_charges cc using (crime_id) as alias 
order by alias.first, alias.last; 

Answer 3

不能使用限定词与“使用”引用的列clause.you可以使用内部联接代替 尝试使用此查询：

select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.CRIME_ID, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount 
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id 
join crime_charges cc on cc.crime_id=cms.crime_id 
order by c.first, c.last; 

Answer 4

这里的问题是，当您的查询有USING子句时，您无法向本子句中使用的列添加限定符。因为您的查询有USING (crime_id),您不能写cms.CRIME_ID或cc.crime_id。相反，您必须删除限定符，即只使用crime_id。

奇怪的是，当我尝试这个上的Oracle 11g XE测试版，我得到一个不同的错误：

 
SQL> select * from test1; 

     A   B 
---------- ---------- 
     1   2 

SQL> select * from test2; 

     A   C 
---------- ---------- 
     1   3 

SQL> select t1.a, t1.b, t2.c from test1 t1 inner join test2 t2 using (a); 
select t1.a, t1.b, t2.c from test1 t1 inner join test2 t2 using (a) 
     * 
ERROR at line 1: 
ORA-25154: column part of USING clause cannot have qualifier 


SQL> select a, t1.b, t2.c from test1 t1 inner join test2 t2 using (a); 

     A   B   C 
---------- ---------- ---------- 
     1   2   3