导出nodejs REST路径（带快递）

Question

我有一个简单的工作NodeJS测试应用程序与快车，mongodb和猫鼬。至于现在，我正试图清理我的代码并找出最佳实践。我的一个步骤是提取REST路由，但是我遇到了一个问题，那就是我对可以做到的方式感到困惑，2016年最好的方法是什么？

我的代码（app.js）：

"use strict" 
const express = require('express'); 
const bodyParser = require('body-parser'); 
const mongoose = require('mongoose'); 

const Subjects = require('./models/Subjects').model('Subjects'); 
const Students = require('./models/Students').model('Students'); 

const app = express(); 

app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public')); 
app.use(bodyParser.json()); 
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ 
    extended: true 
})); 
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/schoolapp'); 

app.get('/subjects', function(req, res) { 
    Subjects.find({}) 
     .exec(function(err, subjects) { 
      if(err) { 
       res.send('error msg has occured'); 
      } else { 
       res.json(subjects); 
      } 
     }) 
}); 

app.put('/subjects', function(req, res) { 
    const query = {name: req.body.name}; 
    const update = {$inc: {votes: 1}}; 

    Subjects.findOneAndUpdate(query, update, 
     function(err, newSubject) { 
      if(err) { 
       console.log('An error occured'); 
      } else { 
       res.send(newSubject); 
      } 
     }) 
}) 

app.post('/subjects', function(req, res) { 
    let newSubject = new Subjects(); 

    newSubject.name = req.body.name; 
    newSubject.level = req.body.level; 
    newSubject.votes = 0; 

    newSubject.save(function(err, subject) { 
     if(err) { 
      res.send('error saving subject'); 
     } else { 
      res.send(subject); 
     } 
    }) 
}); 

app.get('/students', function(req, res) { 
    Students.find({}) 
     .exec(function(err, students) { 
      if(err) { 
       res.send('error saving students'); 
      } else { 
       res.send(students); 
      } 
     }) 
}) 

app.post('/students', function(req, res) { 
    let newStudent = new Students(); 

    newStudent.name = req.body.name; 

    newStudent.save(function(err, student) { 
     if(err) { 
      res.send('error saving student'); 
     } else { 
      res.send(student); 
     } 
    }) 
}) 

app.put('/students', function(req, res) { 
    const query = {"_id": req.body.id}; 
    const update = {$push: {subjects: req.body.name}}; 

    Students.findOneAndUpdate(query, update, 
     function(err, newSubject) { 
      if(err) { 
       res.send('something went wrong'); 
      } else { 
       res.send(newSubject); 
      } 
     }); 
}) 

app.listen(3000, function() { 
    console.log('app listening on port 3000'); 
}); 

我想提取/students和/subjects作为独立的文件，并要求他们在我的app.js.

---

我试图约3种方法产生不同的结果，其中包括：

module.exports = function(app) { 
    app.get('/students', ...) 
} 

和app.js：

var students = require(./rest/students)(app); 

非常感谢:)

Answer 1

我已经整理出来感谢mh-cbon。我只是想在这里发布我的解决方案，以防其他人在寻找问题。

app.js

'use strict'; 
const express = require('express'); 
const bodyParser = require('body-parser'); 
const mongoose = require('mongoose'); 

const app = express(); 

app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public')); 
app.use(bodyParser.json()); 
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ 
    extended: true 
})); 

app.use('/subjects', require('./rest/subjects')); 
app.use('/students', require('./rest/students')); 

mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/schoolapp'); 

app.listen(3000, function() { 
    console.log('app listening on port 3000'); 
}); 

students.js

'use strict'; 
const Students = require('../models/Students').model('Students'); 
const express = require('express'); 
let router  = express.Router(); 

router.get('/', function(req, res) { 
    Students.find({}) 
     .exec(function(err, students) { 
      if(err) { 
       res.send('error saving students'); 
      } else { 
       res.send(students); 
      } 
     }) 
}) 

router.post('/', function(req, res) { 
    let newStudent = new Students(); 

    newStudent.name = req.body.name; 

    newStudent.save(function(err, student) { 
     if(err) { 
      res.send('error saving student'); 
     } else { 
      res.send(student); 
     } 
    }) 
}) 

router.put('/', function(req, res) { 
    const query = {"_id": req.body.id}; 
    const update = {$push: {subjects: req.body.name}}; 

    Students.findOneAndUpdate(query, update, 
     function(err, newSubject) { 
      if(err) { 
       res.send('something went wrong'); 
      } else { 
       res.send(newSubject); 
      } 
     }); 
}) 

module.exports = router; 

注：通过./rest/subjects指定在app.js的路径会在模块的路径根'/'（见students.js）不像在一些教程中。

我也发现了这篇文章有用（因为它显示了一个简单的例子）： https://www.terlici.com/2014/09/29/express-router.html