Arduino的生成文件无法编译

Question

我想用Makefile编译我的Arduino文件/项目。但是我遇到了全局变量的问题。它说没有宣布。我下载的makefile来自github：https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile。

由于我没有关于Arduino的经验，我不明白可能是什么问题。

我的错误代码：

------------------------- 
    Arduino.mk Configuration: 
    - [AUTODETECTED] CURRENT_OS = LINUX 
    - [COMPUTED] ARDMK_DIR = /usr/share/arduino (relative to Common.mk) 
    - [USER] ARDUINO_DIR = /usr/share/arduino 
    - [AUTODETECTED] ARDUINO_VERSION = 105 
    - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK = /sketchbook 
    - [BUNDLED] AVR_TOOLS_DIR = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr (in Arduino distribution) 
    - [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_LIB_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/libraries (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_CORE_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino 
    - [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_VAR_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    - [COMPUTED] BOARDS_TXT = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/boards.txt (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    - [DEFAULT] USER_LIB_PATH = /sketchbook/libraries (in user sketchbook) 
    - [USER] BOARD_TAG = uno 
    - [COMPUTED] OBJDIR = build-uno (from BOARD_TAG) 
    - [ASSUMED] MONITOR_BAUDRATE = 9600 
    - [DEFAULT] OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = s 
    - [DEFAULT] MCU_FLAG_NAME = mmcu 
    - [DEFAULT] CFLAGS_STD = -std=gnu99 
    - [AUTODETECTED] Size utility: AVR-aware for enhanced output 
    - 
    - ARDUINO_LIBS = 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire 
    - [SYSTEM] EEPROM 
    - [SYSTEM] Esplora 
    - [SYSTEM] Ethernet 
    - [SYSTEM] Firmata 
    - [SYSTEM] GSM 
    - [SYSTEM] LiquidCrystal 
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Control 
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Motor 
    - [SYSTEM] SD 
    - [SYSTEM] Servo 
    - [SYSTEM] SoftwareSerial 
    - [SYSTEM] SPI 
    - [SYSTEM] Stepper 
    - [SYSTEM] TFT 
    - [SYSTEM] WiFi 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] Ethernet/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Control/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] SD/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] TFT/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] WiFi/utility 
    - [SYSTEM] Wire/utility 
    - [COMPUTED] BOOTLOADER_PARENT = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/bootloaders (from ARDUINO_DIR) 
    ------------------------- 
    /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -mmcu=atmega328p -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants/standard -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/EEPROM -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Esplora -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Ethernet -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Firmata -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/GSM -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/LiquidCrystal -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Control -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Motor -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Servo -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SoftwareSerial -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SPI -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Stepper -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/TFT -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/WiFi -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Ethernet/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Control/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/TFT/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/WiFi/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire/utility -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions main.cpp -o build-uno/main.o 
    main.cpp: In function 'void setup()': 
    main.cpp:17:16: error: 'OUTPUT' was not declared in this scope 
    pinMode(led, OUTPUT); 
    ^
    main.cpp:17:22: error: 'pinMode' was not declared in this scope 
    pinMode(led, OUTPUT); 
    ^
    main.cpp: In function 'void loop()': 
    main.cpp:23:30: error: 'analogWrite' was not declared in this scope 
    analogWrite(led, brightness); 
    ^
    main.cpp:33:11: error: 'delay' was not declared in this scope 
    delay(30); 
    ^
    make: *** [build-uno/main.o] Error 1 

Answer 1

Arduino的IDE做一些 “小品预处理”（见https://github.com/arduino/arduino-preprocessor#about-the-arduino-sketch-ino-preprocessing）是Arduino的文件也不。换句话说，在Arduino IDE尝试编译它之前，Arduino IDE会修改您的sketch.ino以将其转换为C++，而Arduino-Makefile会尝试对其进行编译而不做任何更改。

因此，Arduino-Makefile无法编译一些使用Arduino IDE编译得很好的草图。通过手工完成这三个步骤通常会有诀窍：

1. 是否有很多源文件？如果是，将它们合并成一个文件。
2. 是#include <Arduino.h>位于单个源文件的顶部吗？如果没有，请添加它。
3. 使用前是否声明了所有函数？如果不是，则添加前向声明。

在你的情况下，它看起来就像是一个所需的步骤2（从你的编译错误信息缺失的变量OUTPUT和missings功能Arduino.h声明，请参阅https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/blob/master/hardware/arduino/avr/cores/arduino/Arduino.h）。

如果您打算继续使用Arduino-Makefile，我会建议您习惯这些类型的错误，因为您在网上发现的大多数草图只会使用Arduino IDE进行测试。从好的方面来说，将它们转换为C++通常是微不足道的，而且很少费时，因为Arduino草图很少“大”。