单元测试通过“dotnet测试”，但从Visual Studio 2017测试资源管理器运行时失败

Question

我的XUnit 2.2测试全部通过与dotnet test的命令行运行。从Visual Studio 2017的测试资源管理器运行它们时，某些测试会因装配绑定错误而失败。

我的测试项目的目标是.Net 4.6.2，并引用了一个ASP.Net Core 1.1应用程序，它也针对.Net 4.6.2。在升级到.NET Core 1.1版本工具和Visual Studio 2017之前，单元测试在VS 2015中运行良好。

解决方法是为测试项目创建一个app.config文件，并将所有必需的绑定重定向添加到它通过试验和错误。我不确定为什么但我必须这样做。

看起来，在使用dotnet test时，运行时会使用较新的程序集版本而不会抱怨。从Visual Studio运行时，重定向是必需的。

为什么运行测试的这两种方法之间的程序集绑定行为存在差异？

样品组件绑定错误：

The operation failed. 
Bind result: hr = 0x80131040. No description available. 

Assembly manager loaded from: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll 
Running under executable C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\PROFESSIONAL\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\TESTWINDOW\vstest.executionengine.x86.exe 
--- A detailed error log follows. 

=== Pre-bind state information === 
LOG: DisplayName = Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60 
(Fully-specified) 
LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/xx/xx/xx.Tests/bin/Debug/net462 
LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL 
LOG: Dynamic Base = NULL 
LOG: Cache Base = C:\Users\xxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\a1ec4d3c-04ff-4fa0-9e56-129e799dd870 
LOG: AppName = a1ec4d3c-04ff-4fa0-9e56-129e799dd870 
Calling assembly : Serilog.Settings.Configuration, Version=2.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=24c2f752a8e58a10. 
=== 
LOG: This bind starts in default load context. 
LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\PROFESSIONAL\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\TESTWINDOW\vstest.executionengine.x86.exe.Config 
LOG: Using host configuration file: 
LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config. 
LOG: Post-policy reference: Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60 
LOG: GAC Lookup was unsuccessful. 
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/xx/xx/xx.Tests/bin/Debug/net462/Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions.DLL. 
LOG: Assembly download was successful. Attempting setup of file: C:\xx\xx\xx.Tests\bin\Debug\net462\Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions.dll 
LOG: Entering download cache setup phase. 
LOG: Assembly Name is: Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions, Version=1.1.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60 
WRN: Comparing the assembly name resulted in the mismatch: Minor Version 
ERR: The assembly reference did not match the assembly definition found. 
ERR: Setup failed with hr = 0x80131040. 
ERR: Failed to complete setup of assembly (hr = 0x80131040). Probing terminated. 

而且重定向需要解决它：

<dependentAssembly> 
     <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions" culture="neutral" publicKeyToken="adb9793829ddae60" /> 
     <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.0.0.0" newVersion="1.1.1.0" />" 
</dependentAssembly> 

Answer 1

事实证明，这个问题在https://github.com/Microsoft/vstest/issues/428

解决方法是增加被跟踪以下两项到测试项目的csproj文件中：

<AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>  
<GenerateBindingRedirectsOutputType>true</GenerateBindingRedirectsOutputType> 

这消除了手动添加绑定重定向的需要。