无法解析来自xml内容的链接

Question

我已经用python与xpath一起编写了一个脚本来从含有xml内容的站点中刮取链接。因为我从来没有使用过XML，所以我无法弄清楚我犯的错误。在此先感谢您提供解决方法。以下是我与努力：

import requests 
from lxml import html 

response = requests.get("https://drinkup.london/sitemap.xml").text 
tree = html.fromstring(response) 
for item in tree.xpath('//div[@class="expanded"]//span[@class="text"]'): 
    print(item) 

XML内容中哪些链接是：

<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="collapsible" id="collapsible4"><div class="expanded"><div class="line"><span class="button collapse-button"></span><span class="html-tag">&lt;url&gt;</span></div><div class="collapsible-content"><div class="line"><span class="html-tag">&lt;loc&gt;</span><span class="text">https://drinkup.london/</span><span class="html-tag">&lt;/loc&gt;</span></div></div><div class="line"><span class="html-tag">&lt;/url&gt;</span></div></div><div class="collapsed hidden"><div class="line"><span class="button expand-button"></span><span class="html-tag">&lt;url&gt;</span><span class="text">...</span><span class="html-tag">&lt;/url&gt;</span></div></div></div> 

在执行时抛出的错误下面给出：

value = etree.fromstring(html, parser, **kw) 
    File "src\lxml\lxml.etree.pyx", line 3228, in lxml.etree.fromstring (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:79593) 
    File "src\lxml\parser.pxi", line 1843, in lxml.etree._parseMemoryDocument (src\lxml\lxml.etree.c:119053) 
ValueError: Unicode strings with encoding declaration are not supported. Please use bytes input or XML fragments without declaration. 

Answer 1

切换到.content which returns bytes instead of .text which returns unicode ：

import requests 
from lxml import html 


response = requests.get("https://drinkup.london/sitemap.xml").content 
tree = html.fromstring(response) 
for item in tree.xpath('//url/loc/text()'): 
    print(item) 

请注意固定的XPath表达式。