我试图在c中实现一个列车结构。我有一个叫做转向架的结构,另一个叫链接转向架。我在如何在代码中引用这些结构的所有组件时遇到问题。 我的主要问题是:c中的链接列表,struct结构,分段错误
-I获得赛格故障而进入转向架类型
- 为什么是转向架28的大小? (char(1)+ array(20)+ int(4)= 25)
- 我想确认一个结构里面是否有结构,我需要为每个内部结构malloc做一个实例外部结构?无论如何,使自动。
-Am I over over the code?有没有更清晰的方式来写这个?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct
{
char name;
char type[20];
int capacity;
}BOGIE;
struct LINKED_BOGIE
{
BOGIE* bogie_part_address;
struct LINKED_BOGIE* link;
};
typedef struct LINKED_BOGIE LINKED_BOGIE;
void print_train(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address);
void add_bogie(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address);
void add_bogie(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address)
{
LINKED_BOGIE* traverse=engine_address;
LINKED_BOGIE* new_bogie_address=(LINKED_BOGIE*)malloc(sizeof(LINKED_BOGIE));
new_bogie_ad:dress->bogie_part_address=(BOGIE*) malloc(sizeof(BOGIE));
printf("Enter bogie name,type,capacity\n");
scanf("%c%s%d",&(new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address->name),(new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address)->type,&((new_bogie_address->bogie_part_address)->capacity));
do traverse=traverse->link;
while(traverse->link!=NULL);
traverse->link=new_bogie_address;
new_bogie_address->link=NULL;
print_train(engine_address);
}
void print_train(LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address)
{
LINKED_BOGIE* traverse=engine_address;
int count=0;
printf("This is the train\n");
printf("----------------------------------------\n");
do
{
printf("Bogie number:%d\n",count);
printf("Bogie name:%c\n",traverse->bogie_part_address->name);
printf("Bogie type:%s\n",traverse->bogie_part_address->type);
printf("Bogie capacity:%d\n",traverse->bogie_part_address->capacity);
printf("----------------------------------------\n");
}
while(traverse->link!=NULL);
}
int main()
{
printf("linked bogie size:%lu\n",sizeof(LINKED_BOGIE));
printf("bogie size:%lu\n",sizeof(BOGIE));
LINKED_BOGIE* engine_address=(LINKED_BOGIE*)malloc(sizeof(LINKED_BOGIE));
engine_address->bogie_part_address=(BOGIE*)malloc(sizeof(BOGIE));
engine_address->bogie_part_address->name='E';
strcpy(engine_address->bogie_part_address->type,"Engine");
engine_address->bogie_part_address->capacity=1;
engine_address->link=NULL;
// print_train(engine_address);
int choice=0;
do
{
printf("Pick what you want to do:\n\
1)View the train\n\
2)Add a bogie\n\
3)Insert a bogie\n\
4)Remove a bogie\n\
5)Sort train\n\
6)Swap bogies\n\
7)Exit\n");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:print_train(engine_address);break;
case 2:add_bogie(engine_address);
}
}
while(choice!=7);
return 0;
}
由于填充,大小为28:即使只使用了一个,'char'也将占用4个字节。如果将字符串设置为21个字符,则大小可能会跳到32位。这是因为您编译的CPU具有32位数据总线,所以当数据项在32位字边界上对齐时,访问速度最快。编译器上可能会有一个'pack'杂注或属性语言扩展,它可以删除未使用的字节,但会减慢对该结构的所有访问。 –