tempfile.TemporaryDirectory Python 2.7中的上下文管理器

Question

有没有办法在Python 2.7的上下文管理器中创建一个临时目录？

with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir: 
    # modify files in this dir 

# here the temporary diretory does not exist any more. 

Answer 1

另一种选择是PyPI上的“backports.tempfile”包：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/backports.tempfile

竞标该项目的描述：“这个软件包提供的新功能反向移植Python中的临时文件模块下backports命名空间“。

与安装：

pip install backports.tempfile 

然后在你的脚本中使用它：

from backports import tempfile 
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir: 
    # modify files in this dir 
# here the temporary directory does not exist any more. 

Answer 2

tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()加入到临时文件标准库在Python 3.2

它是tempfile.mkdtemp一个简单的包装。它使用纯Python编码，可以轻松移植到Python 2.7。

例如：

from __future__ import print_function 

import warnings as _warnings 
import os as _os 

from tempfile import mkdtemp 

class TemporaryDirectory(object): 
    """Create and return a temporary directory. This has the same 
    behavior as mkdtemp but can be used as a context manager. For 
    example: 

     with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: 
      ... 

    Upon exiting the context, the directory and everything contained 
    in it are removed. 
    """ 

    def __init__(self, suffix="", prefix="tmp", dir=None): 
     self._closed = False 
     self.name = None # Handle mkdtemp raising an exception 
     self.name = mkdtemp(suffix, prefix, dir) 

    def __repr__(self): 
     return "<{} {!r}>".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.name) 

    def __enter__(self): 
     return self.name 

    def cleanup(self, _warn=False): 
     if self.name and not self._closed: 
      try: 
       self._rmtree(self.name) 
      except (TypeError, AttributeError) as ex: 
       # Issue #10188: Emit a warning on stderr 
       # if the directory could not be cleaned 
       # up due to missing globals 
       if "None" not in str(ex): 
        raise 
       print("ERROR: {!r} while cleaning up {!r}".format(ex, self,), 
         file=_sys.stderr) 
       return 
      self._closed = True 
      if _warn: 
       self._warn("Implicitly cleaning up {!r}".format(self), 
          ResourceWarning) 

    def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): 
     self.cleanup() 

    def __del__(self): 
     # Issue a ResourceWarning if implicit cleanup needed 
     self.cleanup(_warn=True) 

    # XXX (ncoghlan): The following code attempts to make 
    # this class tolerant of the module nulling out process 
    # that happens during CPython interpreter shutdown 
    # Alas, it doesn't actually manage it. See issue #10188 
    _listdir = staticmethod(_os.listdir) 
    _path_join = staticmethod(_os.path.join) 
    _isdir = staticmethod(_os.path.isdir) 
    _islink = staticmethod(_os.path.islink) 
    _remove = staticmethod(_os.remove) 
    _rmdir = staticmethod(_os.rmdir) 
    _warn = _warnings.warn 

    def _rmtree(self, path): 
     # Essentially a stripped down version of shutil.rmtree. We can't 
     # use globals because they may be None'ed out at shutdown. 
     for name in self._listdir(path): 
      fullname = self._path_join(path, name) 
      try: 
       isdir = self._isdir(fullname) and not self._islink(fullname) 
      except OSError: 
       isdir = False 
      if isdir: 
       self._rmtree(fullname) 
      else: 
       try: 
        self._remove(fullname) 
       except OSError: 
        pass 
     try: 
      self._rmdir(path) 
     except OSError: 
      pass 

import os 
with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir: 
    print("Temporary directory path: %s" % tmp_dir) 
    print(os.path.isdir(tmp_dir)) 

# here the temporary diretory does not exist any more. 
print(os.path.isdir(tmp_dir))