Python - 将csv文件转换为JSON

Question

我需要将csv文件转换为分层JSON对象（最好使用Python）。我认为我的脚本（下面）做了一个转换为JSON的正确工作，但是我将JSON数据提供给（D3.js）的JavaScript库不起作用。

CSV文件看起来是这样的：

subject,branch,book,chapter,Encode ID,Level 1,Level 2,Level 3,Level 4 
MAT,TRI,CK-12 Trigonometry - Second Edition,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,MAT.TRI.000,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,,, 
MAT,TRI,CK-12 Trigonometry - Second Edition,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,MAT.TRI.004,,The Pythagorean Theorem,, 
MAT,TRI,CK-12 Trigonometry - Second Edition,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,MAT.TRI.005,,,The Pythagorean Theorem, 
MAT,TRI,CK-12 Trigonometry - Second Edition,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,MAT.TRI.006,,,Pythagorean Triples, 
MAT,TRI,CK-12 Trigonometry - Second Edition,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,MAT.TRI.007,,,Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem, 
MAT,TRI,CK-12 Trigonometry - Second Edition,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,MAT.TRI.008,,,The Distance Formula, 
MAT,TRI,CK-12 Trigonometry - Second Edition,Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry,MAT.TRI.009,,Special Right Triangles,, 

现在，我有以下的代码递归构建分层阵列：

import csv 
import json 
import random 

random.seed() 

# open up the csv file 
f = open('/path/to/file','rU') 
c = csv.DictReader(f) 

# lists for keeping track of what subjects and branches I've already iterated over 
subject_list = [] 
branch_list = [] 
lev1_list = [] 
lev2_list = [] 
lev3_list = [] 
lev4_list = [] 

# iterate through file 
i = 0 
for row in c: 
    if i == 0: 
     subject = row['subject'] 
     branch = row['branch'] 
     if len(row['Level 1']) > 0: 
      lev1 = row['Level 1'] 
     else: 
      lev2 = None 
     if len(row['Level 2']) > 0: 
      lev2 = row['Level 2'] 
     else: 
      lev2 = None 
     if len(row['Level 3']) > 0: 
      lev3 = row['Level 3'] 
     else: 
      lev3 = None 

    else: 
     if row['subject'] != subject: 

      # add all branches to this subject 
      subject_list.append({'name':subject,'type':'subject','children':branch_list}) 


      # set current subject 
      subject = row['subject'] 

     if row['branch'] != branch: 
      # add all concepts to this branch 
      branch_list.append({'name':branch,'type':'branch','children':lev1_list}) 

      # empty lev1_list 
      lev1_list = [] 

      # set new branch 
      branch = row['branch'] 

     if len(row['Level 1']) > 0 and row['Level 1'] != lev1: 
      # print lev1 
      # add all level 2 concepts to this level 1 
      lev1_list.append({'name':lev1,'type':'concept','level':1,'children':lev2_list}) 
      #print lev1 
      #empty lev2_list 
      lev2_list = [] 

      #lev1_list.append(row['Level 1']) 
      lev1 = row['Level 1'] 

     if len(row['Level 2']) > 0 and row['Level 2'] != lev3: 
      #print lev2 
      #print lev3_list 
      # add all level 3 concepts to this level 2 
      if lev2 is not None: 
       lev2_list.append({'name':lev2,'type':'concept','level':2,'children':lev3_list}) 

      # empty lev3_list 
      lev3_list = [] 

      # lev2_list.append(row['Level 2']) 
      lev2 = row['Level 2'] 

     if len(row['Level 3']) > 0 and row['Level 3'] != lev3: 
      # print lev3 
      # add all level 4 concepts to this level 4 
      # lev3_list.append({'name':lev3,'type':'concept','level':3}) 

      # empty level 4 concepts 
      # lev4_list = [] 

      # add new level 3 
      if lev3 is not None: 
       lev3_list.append({'name':lev3,'type':'concept','level':3,'size':random.randint(1,100)}) 
      lev3 = row['Level 3'] 


     #if row['Level 4'] is not None and row['Level 4'] is not lev4: 
     # lev4_list.append({'name':lev4,'type':'concept','level':4}) 
     # lev4 = row['Level 4'] 

    i += 1 

f.close() 


branch_list.append({'name':branch,'type':'branch','children':lev1_list}) 

#subject_list.append({'name':subject,'type':'subject','children':branch_list}) 
subject_dict = {'name':subject,'type':'subject','children':branch_list} 

#json_list= json.dumps(subject_list) 
json_list = json.dumps(subject_dict) 

f = open('/Users/thaymore/Sites/d3/data/trig_map.json','wb') 
f.write(json_list) 
f.close() 

这是什么让我现在是这样的：

{"type": "subject", "name": "MAT", "children": [{"type": "branch", "name": "TRI", "children": [{"children": [{"children": [{"size": 40, "type": "concept", "name": "The Pythagorean Theorem", "level": 3}, {"size": 19, "type": "concept", "name": "Pythagorean Triples", "level": 3}, {"size": 68, "type": "concept", "name": "Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "The Pythagorean Theorem", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 28, "type": "concept", "name": "The Distance Formula", "level": 3}, {"size": 49, "type": "concept", "name": "Special Right Triangle #1: Isosceles Right Triangle", "level": 3}, {"size": 33, "type": "concept", "name": "Special Right Triangle #2: 30-60-90 Triangle", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Special Right Triangles", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 18, "type": "concept", "name": "Using Special Right Triangle Ratios", "level": 3}, {"size": 49, "type": "concept", "name": "The Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Basic Trigonometric Functions", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 100, "type": "concept", "name": "Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent Functions", "level": 3}, {"size": 73, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Right Triangles", "level": 3}, {"size": 93, "type": "concept", "name": "Inverse Trigonometric Functions", "level": 3}, {"size": 88, "type": "concept", "name": "Finding the Area of a Triangle", "level": 3}, {"size": 6, "type": "concept", "name": "Angles of Elevation and Depression", "level": 3}, {"size": 3, "type": "concept", "name": "Right Triangles and Bearings", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Right Triangles", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 68, "type": "concept", "name": "Other Applications of Right Triangles", "level": 3}, {"size": 92, "type": "concept", "name": "Angles of Rotation in Standard Position", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Measuring Rotation", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 14, "type": "concept", "name": "Coterminal Angles", "level": 3}, {"size": 68, "type": "concept", "name": "Trigonometric Functions of Angles in Standard Position", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Applying Trig Functions to Angles of Rotation", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 61, "type": "concept", "name": "The Unit Circle", "level": 3}, {"size": 95, "type": "concept", "name": "Reference Angles and Angles in the Unit Circle", "level": 3}, {"size": 11, "type": "concept", "name": "Trigonometric Functions of Negative Angles", "level": 3}, {"size": 45, "type": "concept", "name": "Trigonometric Functions of Angles Greater than 360 Degrees", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle", "level": 2}], "type": "concept", "name": "Right Triangles and an Introduction to Trigonometry", "level": 1}, {"children": [{"children": [{"size": 20, "type": "concept", "name": "Using a Calculator to Find Values", "level": 3}, {"size": 25, "type": "concept", "name": "Reciprocal identities", "level": 3}, {"size": 40, "type": "concept", "name": "Domain, Range, and Signs of Trig Functions", "level": 3}, {"size": 97, "type": "concept", "name": "Quotient Identities", "level": 3}, {"size": 18, "type": "concept", "name": "Cofunction Identities and Reflection", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Relating Trigonometric Functions", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 35, "type": "concept", "name": "Pythagorean Identities", "level": 3}, {"size": 95, "type": "concept", "name": "Understanding Radian Measure", "level": 3}, {"size": 30, "type": "concept", "name": "Critial Angles in Radians", "level": 3}, {"size": 16, "type": "concept", "name": "Converting Any Degree to Radians", "level": 3}, {"size": 25, "type": "concept", "name": "The Six Trig Functions and Radians", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Radian Measure", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 19, "type": "concept", "name": "Check the Mode", "level": 3}, {"size": 63, "type": "concept", "name": "Rotations", "level": 3}, {"size": 33, "type": "concept", "name": "Length of Arc", "level": 3}, {"size": 54, "type": "concept", "name": "Area of a Sector", "level": 3}, {"size": 6, "type": "concept", "name": "Length of a Chord", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Applications of Radian Measure", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 71, "type": "concept", "name": "Angular Velocity", "level": 3}, {"size": 16, "type": "concept", "name": "The Sine Graph", "level": 3}, {"size": 65, "type": "concept", "name": "The Cosine Graph", "level": 3}, {"size": 32, "type": "concept", "name": "The Tangent Graph", "level": 3}, {"size": 93, "type": "concept", "name": "The Three Reciprocal Functions", "level": 3}, {"size": 30, "type": "concept", "name": "Cotangent", "level": 3}, {"size": 4, "type": "concept", "name": "Cosecant", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Circular Functions of Real Numbers", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 100, "type": "concept", "name": "Secant", "level": 3}, {"size": 40, "type": "concept", "name": "Vertical Translations", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Translating Sine and Cosine Functions", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 58, "type": "concept", "name": "Horizontal Translations or Phase Shifts", "level": 3}, {"size": 76, "type": "concept", "name": "Amplitude", "level": 3}, {"size": 91, "type": "concept", "name": "Period and Frequency", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Amplitude, Period and Frequency", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 78, "type": "concept", "name": "Combining Amplitude and Period", "level": 3}, {"size": 12, "type": "concept", "name": "The Generalized Equations", "level": 3}, {"size": 22, "type": "concept", "name": "Drawing Sketches/Identifying Transformations from the Equation", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "General Sinusoidal Graphs", "level": 2}], "type": "concept", "name": "Graphing Trigonometric Functions - 2nd edition", "level": 1}, {"children": [{"children": [{"size": 81, "type": "concept", "name": "Writing the Equation from a Sketch", "level": 3}, {"size": 60, "type": "concept", "name": "Tangent and Cotangent", "level": 3}, {"size": 27, "type": "concept", "name": "Secant and Cosecant", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Graphing Tangent, Cotangent, Secant, and Cosecant", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 62, "type": "concept", "name": "Graphing Calculator Note", "level": 3}, {"size": 20, "type": "concept", "name": "Quotient Identity", "level": 3}, {"size": 15, "type": "concept", "name": "Reciprocal Identities", "level": 3}, {"size": 28, "type": "concept", "name": "Pythagorean Identity", "level": 3}, {"size": 28, "type": "concept", "name": "Even and Odd Identities", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Fundamental Identities", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 24, "type": "concept", "name": "Cofunction Identities", "level": 3}, {"size": 91, "type": "concept", "name": "Working with Trigonometric Identities", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Proving Identities", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 59, "type": "concept", "name": "Technology Note", "level": 3}, {"size": 26, "type": "concept", "name": "Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions", "level": 3}, {"size": 94, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Trigonometric Equations", "level": 3}, {"size": 49, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Trigonometric Equations Using Factoring", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Trigonometric Equations", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 25, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Trigonometric Equations Using the Quadratic Formula", "level": 3}, {"size": 11, "type": "concept", "name": "Sum and Difference Formulas: cosine", "level": 3}, {"size": 30, "type": "concept", "name": "Using the Sum and Difference Identities of cosine", "level": 3}, {"size": 75, "type": "concept", "name": "Sum and Difference Identities: sine", "level": 3}, {"size": 94, "type": "concept", "name": "Sum and Difference Identities: Tangent", "level": 3}, {"size": 22, "type": "concept", "name": "Using the Sum and Difference Identities to Verify Other Identities", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Sum and Difference Identities", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 15, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Equations with the Sum and Difference Formulas", "level": 3}, {"size": 88, "type": "concept", "name": "Deriving the Double Angle Identities", "level": 3}, {"size": 42, "type": "concept", "name": "Applying the Double Angle Identities", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Double Angle Identities", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 13, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Equations with Double Angle Identities", "level": 3}, {"size": 36, "type": "concept", "name": "Deriving the Half Angle Formulas", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Half-Angle Identities", "level": 2}], "type": "concept", "name": "Trigonometric Identities and Equations - 2nd edition", "level": 1}, {"children": [{"children": [{"size": 100, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Trigonometric Equations Using Half Angle Formulas", "level": 3}, {"size": 93, "type": "concept", "name": "Sum to Product Formulas for Sine and Cosine", "level": 3}, {"size": 71, "type": "concept", "name": "Product to Sum Formulas for Sine and Cosine", "level": 3}, {"size": 53, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Equations with Product and Sum Formulas", "level": 3}, {"size": 45, "type": "concept", "name": "Triple-Angle Formulas and Beyond", "level": 3}, {"size": 18, "type": "concept", "name": "Linear Combinations", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Products, Sums, Linear Combinations, and Applications", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 73, "type": "concept", "name": "Applications & Technology", "level": 3}, {"size": 54, "type": "concept", "name": "Defining the Inverse of the Trigonometric Ratios", "level": 3}, {"size": 15, "type": "concept", "name": "Exact Values for Inverse Sine, Cosine, and Tangent", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Basic Inverse Trigonometric Functions", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 1, "type": "concept", "name": "Finding Inverses Algebraically", "level": 3}, {"size": 93, "type": "concept", "name": "Finding the Inverse by Mapping", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Graphing Inverse Trigonometric Functions", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 79, "type": "concept", "name": "Finding the Inverse of the Trigonometric Functions", "level": 3}, {"size": 29, "type": "concept", "name": "Composing Trig Functions and their Inverses", "level": 3}, {"size": 19, "type": "concept", "name": "Composing Trigonometric Functions", "level": 3}, {"size": 53, "type": "concept", "name": "Inverse Reciprocal Functions", "level": 3}, {"size": 28, "type": "concept", "name": "Composing Inverse Reciprocal Trig Functions", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Inverse Trigonometric Properties", "level": 2}], "type": "concept", "name": "Inverse Trigonometric Functions - 2nd edition", "level": 1}, {"children": [{"children": [], "type": "concept", "name": "Applications & Models", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 42, "type": "concept", "name": "Trigonometry in Terms of Algebra", "level": 3}, {"size": 38, "type": "concept", "name": "Derive the Law of Cosines", "level": 3}, {"size": 82, "type": "concept", "name": "Case #1: Finding the Side of an Oblique Triangle", "level": 3}, {"size": 68, "type": "concept", "name": "Case #2: Finding any Angle of a Triangle", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "The Law of Cosines", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 20, "type": "concept", "name": "Identify Accurate Drawings of General Triangles", "level": 3}, {"size": 90, "type": "concept", "name": "Find the Area Using Three Sides: Heron\u2019s Formula", "level": 3}, {"size": 7, "type": "concept", "name": "Heron\u2019s Formula:", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Area of a Triangle", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 21, "type": "concept", "name": "Finding a Part of the Triangle, Given the Area", "level": 3}, {"size": 58, "type": "concept", "name": "Deriving the Law of Sines", "level": 3}, {"size": 15, "type": "concept", "name": "AAS (Angle-Angle-Side)", "level": 3}, {"size": 41, "type": "concept", "name": "ASA (Angle-Side-Angle)", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "The Law of Sines", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 87, "type": "concept", "name": "Solving Triangles", "level": 3}, {"size": 31, "type": "concept", "name": "Possible Triangles with SSA", "level": 3}, {"size": 45, "type": "concept", "name": "Using the Law of Sines", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "The Ambiguous Case", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 40, "type": "concept", "name": "Using the Law of Cosines", "level": 3}, {"size": 2, "type": "concept", "name": "Summary of Triangle Techniques", "level": 3}, {"size": 18, "type": "concept", "name": "Using the Law of Cosines", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "General Solutions of Triangles", "level": 2}, {"children": [{"size": 42, "type": "concept", "name": "Using the Law of Sines", "level": 3}, {"size": 6, "type": "concept", "name": "Directed Line Segments, Equal Vectors, and Absolute Value", "level": 3}, {"size": 60, "type": "concept", "name": "Vector Addition", "level": 3}, {"size": 76, "type": "concept", "name": "Vector Subtraction", "level": 3}], "type": "concept", "name": "Vectors", "level": 2}], "type": "concept", "name": "Triangles and Vectors", "level": 1}]}]} 

我认为这在技术上可能符合JSON规范，但该库我试图将JSON数据提供给（D3.js）似乎无法对它做任何事情。是否因为元素的顺序不合时宜（即，“children”元素在“name”元素之前）？我在做什么更基本的事情？

（该文件，其结构我想匹配位于here）

Answer 1

这是不是工作？

import json 

f = open('path/to/file','r') 

arr=[] 
headers = [] 

for header in f.readline().split(','): 
    headers.append(header) 

for line in f.readlines(): 
    lineItems = {} 
    for i,item in enumerate(line.split(',')): 
    lineItems[headers[i]] = item 
    arr.append(lineItems) 

f.close() 

jsonText = json.dumps(arr) 

print jsonText 

Answer 2

元素的顺序对于json并不重要。

虽然你正在生产的JSON是错误的。您尝试匹配的示例在顶层没有“主题”键。它只显示“名称”=>“flare”和一张儿童名单。您的脚本正在生成带有“主题”键的json。

而不是

subject_dict = {'name':subject,'type':'subject','children':branch_list} 

尝试

subject_dict = {'name':subject,'children':branch_list} 

我不知道D3.js，所以如果它希望遵循一个确切结构的对象，我不能说。

提示：一个很好的工具来检查JSON对象的结构是http://jsoneditor.appspot.com。只需将你的字符串粘贴在那里，然后点击“转到Treeview”。它会让你发现你有什么和你想要的东西之间的区别。

Answer 3

import csv 
import json 
file1 = csv.DictReader(open('filename.csv', 'r')) 
output =[] 
for each in complent: 
    row = {} 
    row['Id'] = each['Id'] 
    row['Name'] = each['Name'] 
    row['Address'] = each['Address'] 
    row['Mobile'] = each['Mobile'] 
    row['LandLine'] = each['LandLine'] 
    row['Email'] = each['Email'] 
    output.append(row) 

json.dump(output,open('new_file.json','w'),indent=4,sort_keys=False) 

Answer 4

D3期望JSON中的值也用双引号引起来。所以例如“等级”：3应该是“等级”：“3”。当你在D3中使用这些数据进行计算时，它将需要再次成为一个数字，不过在你使用它的地方，你可以使用+ data.xxx.yyy.level代替d3代码中的data.xxx.yyy.level它变成了一个数字。