Tkinter：使用变量来配置标签

Question

我正在使用tkinter来创建一个状态面板，我需要手动更改每个标签的颜色。我想通过向弹出的控制台发出一个命令来做到这一点。我从对话框发出一个命令（例如：redalert(stat1)），将命令与参数分开。我可以为每个标签使用单独的if语句，如下所示：

if 'redalert' in command: 
    param = command.split('(')[1] 
    param = 'self.' + param.split(')')[0] 
     if param == 'self.stat1': 
      self.stat1.config(bg='red') 
     elif param == 'self.stat2': 
      self.stat2.config(bg='red') 

但是有没有更简洁的方法呢？当我试图说param.config(bg='red')它认为我想配置字符串而不是字符串的值。

这里是整个代码：

from Tkinter import * 

class App: 
    def __init__(self, master): 
     self.stat1 = Label(text="Stat 1", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat2 = Label(text="Stat 2", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat3 = Label(text="Stat 3", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat4 = Label(text="Stat 4", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat5 = Label(text="Stat 5", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat6 = Label(text="Stat 6", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat7 = Label(text="Stat 7", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat8 = Label(text="Stat 8", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat9 = Label(text="Stat 9", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
     self.stat10 = Label(text="Stat 10", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=26, pady=20) 
     self.stat11 = Label(text="Stat 11", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=26, pady=20) 
     self.stat12 = Label(text="Stat 12", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=26, pady=20) 
     self.stat13 = Label(text="Stat 13", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=26, pady=20) 
     self.stat14 = Label(text="Stat 14", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=26, pady=20) 
     self.stat15 = Label(text="Stat 15", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=26, pady=20) 
     self.stat16 = Label(text="Stat 16", bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=26, pady=20) 
     self.stat1.grid(row=0, column=0) 
     self.stat2.grid(row=0, column=1) 
     self.stat3.grid(row=0, column=2) 
     self.stat4.grid(row=0, column=3) 
     self.stat5.grid(row=1, column=0) 
     self.stat6.grid(row=1, column=1) 
     self.stat7.grid(row=1, column=2) 
     self.stat8.grid(row=1, column=3) 
     self.stat9.grid(row=2, column=0) 
     self.stat10.grid(row=2, column=1) 
     self.stat11.grid(row=2, column=2) 
     self.stat12.grid(row=2, column=3) 
     self.stat13.grid(row=3, column=0) 
     self.stat14.grid(row=3, column=1) 
     self.stat15.grid(row=3, column=2) 
     self.stat16.grid(row=3, column=3) 
     root.bind("<F1>", self.callConsole) 
    def callConsole(self, master): 
     self.commandConsole = Console(root) 
     root.wait_window(self.commandConsole.top) 
     command = self.commandConsole.commandVar 
     if 'redalert' in command: 
      param = command.split('(')[1] 
      param = 'self.' + param.split(')')[0] 
      if param == 'self.stat1': 
       self.stat1.config(bg='red') 
      elif param == 'self.stat2': 
       self.stat2.config(bg='red') 
class Console: 
    def __init__(self, master): 
     self.top = Toplevel() 
     self.top.transient(root) 
     self.command = Entry(self.top, font=("Helvetica", 15)) 
     self.command.grid(row=0, column=0) 
     self.command.focus_set() 
     self.top.bind("<Return>", self.execute) 
    def execute(self, master): 
     self.commandVar = self.command.get() 
     self.top.destroy() 
root = Tk() 
app = App(root) 
root.mainloop() 
root.destroy() 

Answer 1

我建议存储所有的统计数据的列表中，而不必每一个在其自己的变量。如果你有它的索引，那么访问一个特定的统计很容易。

class App: 
    def __init__(self, master): 
     self.stats = [] 
     idx = 0 
     for i in range(4): 
      for j in range(4): 
       stat = Label(text="Stat {}".format(idx+1), bg='#990000', bd=3, relief=SOLID, padx=30, pady=20) 
       stat.grid(row=i, column=j) 
       self.stats.append(stat) 
       idx += 1 
     root.bind("<F1>", self.callConsole) 
    def callConsole(self, master): 
     self.commandConsole = Console(root) 
     root.wait_window(self.commandConsole.top) 
     command = self.commandConsole.commandVar 
     if 'redalert' in command: 
      digits = [c for c in command if c.isdigit()] 
      number = int("".join(digits)) 
      self.stats[number-1].config(bg="red") 

（在callConsole使用的数字提取技术仅仅是用于说明的目的，可能不适合你的目的，因为它是非常宽容的怪异的输入。例如，用户可以键入“FOO 1个redalert 2 troz “它会使stat 12亮起来）