在多个字段中替换多个特殊字符SQL

Question

我有一个C＃应用程序，它生成一个SQL查询，该查询应该用于从SQL Server中用户选择的列中删除特殊字符。查询我目前所面对的是：

UPDATE [TableA] 
SET [EpiNum] = REPLACE([EpiNum], SUBSTRING([EpiNum], PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum]), 1), ''), 
    [Name] = REPLACE([Name], SUBSTRING([Name], PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name]), 1), ''), 
    [Acct] = REPLACE([Acct], SUBSTRING([Acct], PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct]), 1), '') 
WHERE PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum]) <> 0 OR 
     PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name]) <> 0 OR 
     PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct]) <> 0; 
GO 

此作品以去除第一特殊字符，但如果字符串有多个特殊的字符，它只是删除了第一

1. “薪水&工资”变成了“薪酬工资”好！

但

“薪金&工资 - 其他” 变成 “薪金工资 - 其他” BAD！

我的问题是：

我怎样才能修改上面的查询来删除多个特殊字符，同时仍然能够通过C＃来执行查询？

谢谢你的时间。

---

编辑。很显然，我可以做类似

declare @input varchar(500), @Action char(1) 
set @Input = '80-82/5 O$%*#@)(J^#oh!@!n & '' Bacon St' 
set @Action = 'A' 

    DECLARE @i int 
    DECLARE @result varchar(500) 
    SET @result = @input 

    if @Action = 'A' 
    BEGIN 
     SET @i = patindex('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', @result) 
     WHILE @i > 0 
     BEGIN 
      SET @result = STUFF(@result, @i, 1, '') 
      SET @i = patindex('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', @result) 
     END 
    END 

print @Input 
print @Result 

，但我看不出如何适应这种查询可以在多个领域，从C＃的工作。任何帮助在这里将不胜感激。

Answer 1

您可以使用Recursive CTE以递归应用REPLACE功能：

;WITH StripSpecialChars AS (
    SELECT id, 0 AS lvl, 
      [EpiNum] = REPLACE([EpiNum], SUBSTRING([EpiNum], x.i, 1), ''), 
      [Name] = REPLACE([Name], SUBSTRING([Name], y.i, 1), ''), 
      [Acct] = REPLACE([Acct], SUBSTRING([Acct], z.i, 1), '') 
    FROM TableA 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum])) AS x(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name])) AS y(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct])) AS z(i) 
    WHERE x.i <> 0 OR y.i <> 0 OR z.i <> 0 

    UNION ALL 

    SELECT id, lvl = lvl + 1,      
      [EpiNum] = REPLACE([EpiNum], SUBSTRING([EpiNum], x.i, 1), ''), 
      [Name] = REPLACE([Name], SUBSTRING([Name], y.i, 1), ''), 
      [Acct] = REPLACE([Acct], SUBSTRING([Acct], z.i, 1), '') 
    FROM StripSpecialChars 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum])) AS x(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name])) AS y(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct])) AS z(i) 
    WHERE x.i <> 0 OR y.i <> 0 OR z.i <> 0 
) 

的CTE终止，只要没有多个特殊字符来代替。

具有每id最大lvl值的行是包含[EpiNum]，[Name]，[Acct]字段的剥离下来值之一。因此，你可以使用下面的代码在一个单独的SQL语句执行UPDATE：

;WITH StripSpecialChars AS (
... above query here ... 
) 
UPDATE t1 
SET t1.[EpiNum] = t2.[EpiNum], 
    t1.[Name] = t2.[Name], 
    t1.[Acct] = t2.[Acct] 
FROM TableA AS t1 
INNER JOIN (SELECT id, [EpiNum], [Name], [Acct], 
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id 
             ORDER BY lvl DESC) AS rn 
      From StripSpecialChars) AS t2 
ON t1.id = t2.id AND t2.rn = 1 

Demo here

编辑：

但如果是在TableA没有PK列，那么你就可以用CTE包装你的表格，使用ROW_NUMBER模拟PK，最后在CTE上执行更新：

;WITH TableA_PK AS (
    SELECT [EpiNum], [Name], [Acct], 
     ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [EpiNum]) AS id 
    FROM TableA 
), StripSpecialChars AS (
    SELECT id, 0 AS lvl, 
      [EpiNum] = REPLACE([EpiNum], SUBSTRING([EpiNum], x.i, 1), ''), 
      [Name] = REPLACE([Name], SUBSTRING([Name], y.i, 1), ''), 
      [Acct] = REPLACE([Acct], SUBSTRING([Acct], z.i, 1), '')   
    FROM TableA_PK 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum])) AS x(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name])) AS y(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct])) AS z(i) 
    WHERE x.i <> 0 OR y.i <> 0 OR z.i <> 0 

    UNION ALL 

    SELECT id, lvl = lvl + 1,      
      [EpiNum] = REPLACE([EpiNum], SUBSTRING([EpiNum], x.i, 1), ''), 
      [Name] = REPLACE([Name], SUBSTRING([Name], y.i, 1), ''), 
      [Acct] = REPLACE([Acct], SUBSTRING([Acct], z.i, 1), '')    
    FROM StripSpecialChars 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum])) AS x(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name])) AS y(i) 
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct])) AS z(i) 
    WHERE x.i <> 0 OR y.i <> 0 OR z.i <> 0 
) 
UPDATE t1 
SET t1.[EpiNum] = t2.[EpiNum], 
    t1.[Name] = t2.[Name], 
    t1.[Acct] = t2.[Acct] 
FROM TableA_PK AS t1 
INNER JOIN (SELECT id, [EpiNum], [Name], [Acct], 
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id 
             ORDER BY lvl DESC) AS rn 
      FROM StripSpecialChars) AS t2 
ON t1.id = t2.id AND t2.rn = 1 

Demo here

Answer 2

如果这是一次性努力，我会建议多次运行update，直到所有角色都消失。这可能是实现这一目标的最快方式。

这样做后，修复表有只接受所需的值约束：

alter table table1 
    add constraint chk_EpiNum_Valie check (EpiNum NOT LIKE '%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%'); 

（再次为每个这样的列。）

则数据库将保证有效性insert和update。

Answer 3

这可能看起来有点复杂，但我解决下一个类似的挑战：

就在这个粘贴到一个空查询窗口，并根据需要进行修改......

--This function comes back with a running set of numbers - very handsome 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[RunningNumbers](@counter INT=1000000, @StartAt INT=0) 
RETURNS TABLE 
AS 
RETURN 
    WITH E1(N) AS(SELECT 1 FROM(VALUES (1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),(1))t(N)), --10^1 
    E2(N) AS(SELECT 1 FROM E1 a CROSS JOIN E1 b), -- 10^2 = 100 rows 
    E4(N) AS(SELECT 1 FROM E2 a CROSS JOIN E2 b), -- 10^4 = 10,000 rows 
    E8(N) AS(SELECT 1 FROM E4 a CROSS JOIN E4 b), -- 10^8 = 10,000,000 rows 
    CteTally AS 
    (
     SELECT TOP(ISNULL(@counter,1000000)) ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY(SELECT NULL)) -1 + ISNULL(@StartAt,0) As Nmbr 
     FROM E8 
    ) 
    SELECT * FROM CteTally; 
GO 

--This function breaks down a string into a one-char-table with one char in each row. 
--You can decide for any ascii code what you want to do with this character. 
--At the end the whole thing is concatenated again. 
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[GetPrintableChars] 
(
    @Txt VARCHAR(MAX) 
) 
RETURNS VARCHAR(MAX) 
AS 
BEGIN 
    SET @Txt=LTRIM(RTRIM(ISNULL(@Txt,''))); 

    DECLARE @rslt VARCHAR(MAX); 
    SET @rslt = 
     (
      SELECT Repl.ASCII_Code 
      FROM dbo.RunningNumbers(LEN(@Txt),1) AS pos 
      --ASCII-Codes of all characters in your text 
      OUTER APPLY(SELECT ASCII(SUBSTRING(@Txt,pos.Nmbr,1)) AS ASCII_Code) AS OneChar 
      --re-code 
      CROSS APPLY 
      (
       SELECT CASE 
        WHEN OneChar.ASCII_Code IN(9,10,13) THEN CHAR(OneChar.ASCII_Code) --line and page break 
        WHEN OneChar.ASCII_Code BETWEEN 32 AND 126 THEN CHAR(OneChar.ASCII_Code) --normal printable 
        WHEN OneChar.ASCII_Code IN(132,142,148,153,174,175) THEN CHAR(OneChar.ASCII_Code) --extended to keep 
        WHEN OneChar.ASCII_Code BETWEEN 128 AND 154 THEN CHAR(176) --extended to get rid of 
        ELSE '' 
       END AS ASCII_Code 
      ) AS Repl  
      FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE 
     ).value('.','varchar(max)'); 
    RETURN @rslt; 
END 
GO 

--One example to get rid of some characters. 
SELECT dbo.GetPrintableChars('This is a Test for special characters: ÐðÑñ') 
GO 

--And clean up for testing 
DROP FUNCTION dbo.GetPrintableChars; 
GO 
DROP FUNCTION dbo.RunningNumbers; 

Answer 4

虽然戈登·利诺夫作出约束的优点。 如果你想重用多个领域的循环代码，你可以把它放在一个函数：

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.RemoveSpecialCharacters (
    @String NVARCHAR(max) 
) 
RETURNS NVARCHAR(max) 
BEGIN 
    DECLARE @i int 

    SET @i = patindex('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', @String) 
    WHILE @i > 0 
    BEGIN 
     SET @String = STUFF(@String, @i, 1, '') 
     SET @i = patindex('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', @String) 
    END 
    RETURN @String 
END 

而就重用功能：

UPDATE [TableA] 
SET [EpiNum] = dbo.RemoveSpecialCharacters([EpiNum]), 
    [Name] = dbo.RemoveSpecialCharacters([Name]), 
    [Acct] = dbo.RemoveSpecialCharacters([Acct]) 
WHERE PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum]) <> 0 OR 
     PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name]) <> 0 OR 
     PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct]) <> 0; 

做测试中的表现！如果你想在c＃中检查结果，只需在select和update中使用该函数，如果它是正确的。

Answer 5

创建此功能：

CREATE function f_removebadcharacters 
(
    @string varchar(2000) 
) 
RETURNS varchar(2000) 
as 
BEGIN 
    DECLARE @badcharacters varchar(100) = '%[^A-Z0-9 ]%' 

    WHILE @string like @badcharacters 
    SET @string = STUFF(@string, patindex(@badcharacters, @string), 1, '') 

    RETURN @string 
END 

调用该函数是这样的：

SELECT dbo.f_removebadcharacters('Salaries & Wages - Other') 

在您的更新，使用此语法：

UPDATE [TableA] 
SET [EpiNum] = dbo.f_removebadcharacters([EpiNum]) 
WHERE [EpiNum] LIKE '%[^A-Z0-9 ]%' 

在这里，我是个工作示例：

DECLARE @TableA table([EpiNum] varchar(2000)) 
INSERT @TableA 
    values('Salaries & Wages - Other'), 
     ('80-82/5 O$%*#@)(J^#oh!@!n & '''' Bacon St') 


UPDATE @TableA 
SET [EpiNum] = dbo.f_removebadcharacters([EpiNum]) 
WHERE [EpiNum] LIKE '%[^A-Z0-9 ]%' 

SELECT * FROM @TableA 

结果：

EpiNum 
Salaries Wages Other 
80825 OJohn Bacon St 

Answer 6

方式应用的更新乘法时间和控制结果

declare @l int; 
select @l= COUNT(*) from sys.views --just to set @@ROWCOUNT to 1 

while @@ROWCOUNT >0 
begin 
    UPDATE [TableA] 
    SET [EpiNum] = REPLACE([EpiNum], SUBSTRING([EpiNum], PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum]), 1), ''), 
    [Name] = REPLACE([Name], SUBSTRING([Name], PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name]), 1), ''), 
    [Acct] = REPLACE([Acct], SUBSTRING([Acct], PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct]), 1), '') 
    WHERE PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [EpiNum]) <> 0 OR 
     PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Name]) <> 0 OR 
     PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z0-9 ]%', [Acct]) <> 0; 
end