关键字参数'question_text'的多个值

Question

我在Django tutorial 后面收到错误，无法弄清楚我做了什么改变。任何人都可以看到下面的代码和我的代码之间的区别？

import datetime 

from django.utils import timezone 
from django.test import TestCase 
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse 

from polls.models import Question 

class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase): 

    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self): 
     """ 
     was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose 
     pub_date is in the future 
     """ 
     time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30) 
     future_question = Question(pub_date=time) 
     self.assertEqual(future_question.was_published_recently(), False) 

    def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self): 
     """ 
     was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose 
     pub_date is older than 1 day 
     """ 
     time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30) 
     old_question = Question(pub_date=time) 
     self.assertEqual(old_question.was_published_recently(), False) 

    def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self): 
     """ 
     was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose 
     pub_date is within the last day 
     """ 
     time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1) 
     recent_question = Question(pub_date=time) 
     self.assertEqual(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True) 


class QuestionViewTests(TestCase): 
    def create_question(question_text, days): 
     """ 
     Creates a question with the given `question_text` published the given 
     number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published 
     in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published). 
     """ 
     time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days) 
     return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, 
           pub_date=time) 

    def test_index_view_with_no_questions(self): 
     """ 
     If no questions exist, an appropriate message should be displayed. 
     """ 
     response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index')) 
     self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) 
     self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.") 
     self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], []) 

    def test_index_view_with_a_past_question(self): 
     """ 
     Questions with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the 
     index page 
     """ 
     self.create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30) 
     response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index')) 
     self.assertQuerysetEqual(
      response.context['latest_question_list'], 
      ['<Question: Past question.>'] 
     ) 

    def test_index_view_with_a_future_question(self): 
     """ 
     Questions with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on 
     the index page. 
     """ 
     self.create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30) 
     response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index')) 
     self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", 
          status_code=200) 
     self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], []) 

    def test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question(self): 
     """ 
     Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions 
     should be displayed. 
     """ 
     self.create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30) 
     self.create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30) 
     response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index')) 
     self.assertQuerysetEqual(
      response.context['latest_question_list'], 
      ['<Question: Past question.>'] 
     ) 

    def test_index_view_with_two_past_questions(self): 
     """ 
     The questions index page may display multiple questions. 
     """ 
     self.create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30) 
     self.create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5) 
     response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index')) 
     self.assertQuerysetEqual(
      response.context['latest_question_list'], 
      ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>'] 
     ) 

完全错误：

Answer 1

create_question是一个实例方法，它应该有一个self作为第一个参数：

def create_question(self, question_text, days): 
        ^^^^ 

，或者将其定义为静态方法或类方法，如果你不需要访问实例属性。

@staticmethod 
def create_question(question_text, days): 
    ... 

Answer 2

你的方法：

def create_question(question_text, days): 

需求self作为第一个参数。该方法将以实例作为第一个参数进行调用，如果您尝试传递具有相同名称的另一个参数，则会收到错误消息。

即使用

def create_question(self, question_text, days): 

代替。