如何在unix中用一个字符串替换最后一个逗号

Question

我试图在文件中的第一行和最后一行之外的每一行中插入一个字符串，但无法完成，任何人都可以提供一些线索如何实现？提前致谢。

如何替换最后一个逗号与字符串XXXXX线（除了第一个和最后一个行） 使用unix

原始文件

00,SRI,BOM,FF,000004,20120808030100,20120907094412,"GTEXPR","SRIVIM","8894-7577","SRIVIM@GTEXPR." 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,GEB,,230900,02BLYPO 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,TCM,231040,231100,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UPW,231240,231300,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UFG,231700,231900,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,FTG,232140,232200,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BOR,232340,232400,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BAY,232640,232700,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,RWD,233400,,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,CCL,,101400,02CHLSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,PAR,101540,101700,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,MCE,101840,101900,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,SSS,102140,102200,09 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,FSS,102600,,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,CCL,,103700,01CHLSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,PAR,103940,104000,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,MCE,104140,104200,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,SSS,104440,104500,09 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,FSS,105000,,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,GEB,,230900,02BLYSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,TCM,231040,231100,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UPW,231240,231300,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UFG,231700,231900,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,FTG,232140,232200,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BOR,232340,232400,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BAY,232640,232700,01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,RWD,233400,,01 
99,SRI,FF,28 

预计文件

00,SRI,BOM,FF,000004,20120808030100,20120907094412,"GTEXPR","SRIVIM","8894-7577","SRIVIM@GTEXPR." 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,GEB,,230900,xxxxx02BLYPO 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,TCM,231040,xxxxx231100,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UPW,231240,xxxxx231300,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UFG,231700,xxxxx231900,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,FTG,232140,xxxxx232200,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BOR,232340,xxxxx232400,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BAY,232640,xxxxx232700,01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,RWD,233400,,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,CCL,,101400,xxxxx02CHLSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,PAR,101540,101700,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,MCE,101840,101900,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,SSS,102140,102200,xxxxx09 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,FSS,102600,,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,CCL,,103700,xxxxx01CHLSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,PAR,103940,104000,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,MCE,104140,104200,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,SSS,104440,104500,xxxxx09 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,FSS,105000,,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,GEB,,230900,xxxxx02BLYSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,TCM,231040,231100,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UPW,231240,231300,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UFG,231700,231900,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,FTG,232140,232200,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BOR,232340,232400,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BAY,232640,232700,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,RWD,233400,,xxxxx01 
99,SRI,FF,28 

Answer 1

awk对于处理这样的数据文件可能非常有用。这是一个单行程，或多或少的你想要的。它将字符串“xxxxx”加到每个输入行的第十二个字段中，该字段至少有十二个字段。

$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","}NF>11{$12="xxxxx"$12}{print}' 16006747.txt 
00,SRI,BOM,FF,000004,20120808030100,20120907094412,"GTEXPR","SRIVIM","8894-7577","SRIVIM@GTEXPR." 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,GEB,,230900,xxxxx02BLYPO 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,TCM,231040,231100,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UPW,231240,231300,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UFG,231700,231900,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,FTG,232140,232200,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BOR,232340,232400,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BAY,232640,232700,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,NMNN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,RWD,233400,,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,CCL,,101400,xxxxx02CHLSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,PAR,101540,101700,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,MCE,101840,101900,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,SSS,102140,102200,xxxxx09 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0800,NMJWJB,U,NM,FSS,102600,,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,CCL,,103700,xxxxx01CHLSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,PAR,103940,104000,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,MCE,104140,104200,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,SSS,104440,104500,xxxxx09 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,0802,NMJWJB,U,NM,FSS,105000,,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,GEB,,230900,xxxxx02BLYSU 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,TCM,231040,231100,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UPW,231240,231300,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,UFG,231700,231900,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,FTG,232140,232200,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BOR,232340,232400,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,BAY,232640,232700,xxxxx01 
10,SRI,FF,BUN,3112,NMNSME,U,NM,RWD,233400,,xxxxx01 
99,SRI,FF,28