我知道我可以使用“help()”来查看包中的现有帮助信息。但是在我编写自己的函数/类后,如何启用“帮助”来查看帮助文档?我知道“评论”的第一行是doc属性,但这不是我想要的。如何将我自己的“帮助”信息添加到Python函数/类?
我希望自己编译包,其他人可以从“help()”中看到。怎么做?
我知道我可以使用“help()”来查看包中的现有帮助信息。但是在我编写自己的函数/类后,如何启用“帮助”来查看帮助文档?我知道“评论”的第一行是doc属性,但这不是我想要的。如何将我自己的“帮助”信息添加到Python函数/类?
我希望自己编译包,其他人可以从“help()”中看到。怎么做?
help()
完全基于__doc__
属性(和函数参数的自省),所以请确保您的模块,您的类和您的函数都有一个文档字符串。
文档字符串不一个评论,它是在顶部裸露的字符串字面权:
"""This is a module docstring, shown when you use help() on a module"""
class Foo:
"""Help for the class Foo"""
def bar(self):
"""Help for the bar method of Foo classes"""
def spam(f):
"""Help for the spam function"""
例如,流行的第三方requests
模块有一个文档字符串:
>>> import requests
>>> requests.__doc__
'\nRequests HTTP library\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n\nRequests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings. Basic GET\nusage:\n\n >>> import requests\n >>> r = requests.get(\'https://www.python.org\')\n >>> r.status_code\n 200\n >>> \'Python is a programming language\' in r.content\n True\n\n... or POST:\n\n >>> payload = dict(key1=\'value1\', key2=\'value2\')\n >>> r = requests.post(\'http://httpbin.org/post\', data=payload)\n >>> print(r.text)\n {\n ...\n "form": {\n "key2": "value2",\n "key1": "value1"\n },\n ...\n }\n\nThe other HTTP methods are supported - see `requests.api`. Full documentation\nis at <http://python-requests.org>.\n\n:copyright: (c) 2016 by Kenneth Reitz.\n:license: Apache 2.0, see LICENSE for more details.\n'
它由help()
直接呈现,连同模块内容(以及递归的内容docstrings):
>>> help('requests')
Help on package requests:
NAME
requests
DESCRIPTION
Requests HTTP library
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Requests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings. Basic GET
usage:
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
>>> r.status_code
200
[...]
你可以使用argparse:https://docs.python.org/2/howto/argparse.html。它允许您创建一个可以自定义的--help
参数以及添加参数描述。
例子:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = "Write your help documentation here...")
parser.add_argument('config.txt', nargs='?', help='Write about your positional arguments here')
args = parser.parse_args()
因此,当有人与--help
运行您的程序将输出:
$python yourProgram.py --help
usage: yourProgram.py [-h] [config.txt]
Write your help documentation here...
positional arguments:
config.txt Write about your positional arguments here
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit