JPA实体必须经过单元测试并且如何执行？

Question

我有一个使用JPA与流行的Sql数据库交互的Spring MVC应用程序（Spring Boot v。1.2.5）。
因此，我有几个实体映射数据库中的所有表。显然，这些类只有getter/setter和实体之间关系的注释。

例如为：

@Entity 
@Table 
public class Article { 

    @Id 
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 
    @JsonView(View.Private.class) 
    private Long id; 

    @Column(nullable = false) 
    @JsonView(View.Public.class) 
    private String name; 

    @ManyToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY) 
    @JoinColumn(name = "categoryId", nullable = false, updatable = false) 
    @JsonIgnore 
    private Category category; 

    //Constructors Getters and Setters 
    ... 
} 

我的问题是：我应该单元测试这些类？我应该测试什么？如何

Answer 1

我建议你测试你写（或者你选择写的）一切......所以在这种情况下，我看到以下内容：

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 
@Column(nullable = false) 
@ManyToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY) 
@JoinColumn(name = "categoryId", nullable = false, updatable = false) 

您定义一个与此注释一些行为（我只挑那些来自JPA的，同样的事情应该用JSONView注解完成），如果一切工作正常（像你定义的那样），你想通过单元测试来跟踪。

@Test(expect = SQLException.class) 
public void should_not_allow_null_name() { 
    /* Given */ Article article = new Article(null, new Category()); 
    /* When */ articleRepository.save(article); 
} 

有了这样的（简单）的测试，你可以，如果行为尊重你已经实现了何种后续。如果某人（也许是你自己）删除了这个注释，你将会有一个提醒。

但是不要测试默认的行为（例如，列名，您选择让JPA（和ORM）为您选择...所以不要测试框架，这是限制。

关于如何测试它，我喜欢使用（自Spring Boot以来）名为DBSetup的项目，它允许我在我的测试中将我的数据集硬编码而不是冗长的XML，这是一个非常有趣的项目，来自ninja- squade

测试的一个例子：

数据库测试配置：

@Configuration 
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "lan.dk.podcastserver.repository") 
@EntityScan(basePackages = "lan.dk.podcastserver.entity") 
public class DatabaseConfiguraitonTest { 

    @Bean 
    public DataSource dataSource() { 
     return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder() 
       .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2) 
       .build(); 
    } 

    @Bean 
    @Autowired 
    public FullTextEntityManager fullTextEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) { 
     return getFullTextEntityManager(entityManager); 
    } 

    public static final DateTimeFormatter formatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE).appendLiteral(" ").append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_TIME).toFormatter(); 
    public static final Operation DELETE_ALL_PODCASTS = deleteAllFrom("PODCAST"); 
    public static final Operation DELETE_ALL_ITEMS = deleteAllFrom("ITEM"); 
    public static final Operation DELETE_ALL_TAGS = sequenceOf(deleteAllFrom("PODCAST_TAG"), deleteAllFrom("TAG")); 
    public static final Operation DELETE_ALL = sequenceOf(DELETE_ALL_ITEMS, DELETE_ALL_TAGS, DELETE_ALL_PODCASTS, DELETE_ALL_TAGS); 
} 

==>https://gist.github.com/davinkevin/bb4f62aaec031b68b8f3

和测试：

@Transactional 
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {DatabaseConfiguraitonTest.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class}) 
public class ItemRepositoryTest { 

    @Autowired DataSource dataSource; 
    @Autowired ItemRepository itemRepository; 

    private final static DbSetupTracker dbSetupTracker = new DbSetupTracker(); 
    public static final Operation INSERT_REFERENCE_DATA = sequenceOf(
      insertInto("PODCAST") 
        .columns("ID", "TITLE", "URL", "TYPE", "HAS_TO_BE_DELETED") 
        .values(1, "AppLoad", null, "RSS", false) 
        .values(2, "Geek Inc HD", "http://fake.url.com/rss", "YOUTUBE", true) 
        .build(), 
      insertInto("ITEM") 
        .columns("ID", "TITLE", "URL", "PODCAST_ID", "STATUS", "PUBDATE", "DOWNLOADDDATE") 
        .values(1L, "Appload 1", "http://fakeurl.com/appload.1.mp3", 1, Status.FINISH, now().minusDays(15).format(formatter), now().minusDays(15).format(formatter)) 
        .values(2L, "Appload 2", "http://fakeurl.com/appload.2.mp3", 1, null, now().minusDays(30).format(formatter), null) 
        .values(3L, "Appload 3", "http://fakeurl.com/appload.3.mp3", 1, Status.NOT_DOWNLOADED, now().format(formatter), null) 
        .values(4L, "Geek INC 123", "http://fakeurl.com/geekinc.123.mp3", 2, Status.DELETED, now().minusYears(1).format(formatter), now().format(formatter)) 
        .values(5L, "Geek INC 124", "http://fakeurl.com/geekinc.124.mp3", 2, Status.FINISH, now().minusDays(15).format(formatter), now().minusDays(15).format(formatter)) 
        .build(), 
      insertInto("TAG") 
        .columns("ID", "NAME") 
        .values(1L, "French Spin") 
        .values(2L, "Studio Knowhere") 
        .build(), 
      insertInto("PODCAST_TAG") 
        .columns("PODCAST_ID", "TAG_ID") 
        .values(1, 1) 
        .values(2, 2) 
        .build() 
    ); 

    @Before 
    public void prepare() throws Exception { 
     Operation operation = sequenceOf(DELETE_ALL, INSERT_REFERENCE_DATA); 
     DbSetup dbSetup = new DbSetup(new DataSourceDestination(dataSource), operation); 

     dbSetupTracker.launchIfNecessary(dbSetup); 
    } 

    @Test 
    public void should_find_by_podcast_and_page() { 
     /* Given */ 
     dbSetupTracker.skipNextLaunch(); 
     Integer podcastId = 1; 
     PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(1, 1, Sort.Direction.ASC, "id"); 

     /* When */ 
     Page<Item> itemByPodcast = itemRepository.findByPodcast(podcastId, pageRequest); 

     /* Then */ 
     PageAssert 
       .assertThat(itemByPodcast) 
       .hasSize(1) 
       .hasTotalElements(3) 
       .hasTotalPages(3) 
       .hasNumberOfElements(1); 

     ItemAssert 
       .assertThat(itemByPodcast.getContent().get(0)) 
       .hasTitle("Appload 2"); 
    } 

==>https://gist.github.com/davinkevin/df041729608dc21bf7f3

Answer 2

你应该测试的功能不是类。如果您不确定映射是否正常工作，那么测试此类的对象的保存/加载是否适合您测试。但是，单元测试还应该隔离持久层，因此您可以测试业务逻辑而不是持久层。