2011-02-02 120 views
17

我正在使用lambda表达式对C#中的数组进行排序和搜索。我不想在我的类中实现IComparer接口,因为我需要对多个成员字段进行排序和搜索。C#lambda表达式和IComparer

class Widget 
{ 
    public int foo; 

    public void Bar() 
    { 
     Widget[] widgets; 

     Array.Sort(widgets, (a, b) => a.foo.CompareTo(b.foo)); 

     Widget x = new Widget(); 
     x.foo = 5; 
     int index = Array.BinarySearch(widgets, x, 
             (a, b) => a.foo.CompareTo(b.foo)); 
    } 
} 

虽然排序工作正常,二进制搜索给出一个编译错误无法转换lambda表达式键入“System.Collections.IComparer <的Widget >”,因为它不是一个委托类型。出于某种原因,Sort对IComparer和Comparison都有重载,但BinarySearch只支持IComparer。经过一番研究,我发现了笨重ComparisonComparer<T>到比较转换为的IComparer:

public class ComparisonComparer<T> : IComparer<T> 
{ 
    private readonly Comparison<T> comparison; 

    public ComparisonComparer(Comparison<T> comparison) 
    { 
     this.comparison = comparison; 
    } 

    int IComparer<T>.Compare(T x, T y) 
    { 
     return comparison(x, y); 
    } 
} 

这允许二进制搜索的工作方式如下:

int index = Array.BinarySearch(
    widgets, 
    x, 
    new ComparisonComparer<Widget>((a, b) => a.foo.CompareTo(b.foo))); 

呸。有更清洁的方法吗?

+4

即将到来的.NET4.5有一个方法`的Comparer <> Create`构建一个`的IComparer <>。来自`IComparison <>`委托的实例。 – 2012-08-08 16:44:42

回答

9

好吧,一种选择是创建类似ProjectionComparer的东西。我有一个MiscUtil的版本 - 它基本上从投影中创建了一个IComparer<T>

所以,你的例子是:

int index = Array.BinarySearch(widgets, x, 
           ProjectionComparer<Widget>.Create(x => x.foo)); 

或者你可以实现在T[]自己的扩展方法做同样的事情:

public static int BinarySearchBy<TSource, TKey>(
    this TSource[] array, 
    TSource value, 
    Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) 
{ 
    return Array.BinarySearch(array, value, 
           ProjectionComparer.Create(array, keySelector)); 
} 
+5

备案,ProjectionComparer ,ValueComparer 和ComparativeEx都很好看。但是,在一天结束时,我想知道为什么某些内置方法接受Comparison和IComparer,而其他方法只是IComparer ... – 2011-02-02 06:31:11

8

你可以用我ValueComparer<T> class

int index = Array.BinarySearch(
    widgets, x, 
    new ValueComparer<Widget>(x => x.Foo) 
); 

您可以通过多个属性进行比较多个lambda表达式。

3

试试这个:

public static class ComparisonEx 
{ 
    public static IComparer<T> AsComparer<T>(this Comparison<T> @this) 
    { 
     if (@this == null) 
      throw new System.ArgumentNullException("Comparison<T> @this"); 
     return new ComparisonComparer<T>(@this); 
    } 

    public static IComparer<T> AsComparer<T>(this Func<T, T, int> @this) 
    { 
     if (@this == null) 
      throw new System.ArgumentNullException("Func<T, T, int> @this"); 
     return new ComparisonComparer<T>((x, y) => @this(x, y)); 
    } 

    private class ComparisonComparer<T> : IComparer<T> 
    { 
     public ComparisonComparer(Comparison<T> comparison) 
     { 
      if (comparison == null) 
       throw new System.ArgumentNullException("comparison"); 
      this.Comparison = comparison; 
     } 

     public int Compare(T x, T y) 
     { 
      return this.Comparison(x, y); 
     } 

     public Comparison<T> Comparison { get; private set; } 
    } 
} 

它可让您使用此代码:

Comparison<int> c = (x, y) => x == y ? 0 : (x <= y ? -1 : 1); 
IComparer<int> icc = c.AsComparer(); 

Func<int, int, int> f = (x, y) => x == y ? 0 : (x <= y ? -1 : 1); 
IComparer<int> icf = f.AsComparer(); 
+1

ArgumentNullException带有参数名称,没有类型。 – SLaks 2011-03-14 20:26:10