Microsoft Office互操作性能问题

Question

我尝试将datagridview数据导出到我的C＃4.0 Windows应用程序中的excel文件。

我们使用了Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel DLL版本12.0.0.0。它运作良好，一切都很好

很好。但我当我尝试导出超过1000个datagridview记录它需要太长时间

time.How我可以提高性能。

请参阅下面的Excel帮手代码。

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Text; 
using System.IO; 
using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; 
using Microsoft.Office.Core; 
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; // For COMException 
using System.Reflection; // For Missing.Value and BindingFlags 
using System.Diagnostics; // to ensure EXCEL process is really killed 

namespace Export.Excel 
{ 

    #region InstanceFields 

    //Instance Fields 
    //public delegate void ProgressHandler(object sender, ProgressEventArgs e); 
    //public event ProgressHandler prg; 
    private System.Data.DataView dv; 
    private Style styleRows; 
    private Style styleColumnHeadings; 
    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application EXL; 
    private Workbook workbook; 
    private Sheets sheets; 
    private Worksheet worksheet; 
    private string[,] myTemplateValues; 
    private int position; 
    private System.Globalization.CultureInfo cl; 
    private Type _ResourceType; 

    #endregion 

    #region Constructor 

    //Constructs a new export2Excel object. The user must 
    //call the createExcelDocument method once a valid export2Excel 
    //object has been instantiated 

    public ExportExcelFormat(string culture, Type type) 
    { 
     cl = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo(culture); 
     _ResourceType = type; 
    } 

    #endregion 


    #region EXCEL : ExportToExcel 
    //Exports a DataView to Excel. The following steps are carried out 
    //in order to export the DataView to Excel 
    //Create Excel Objects 
    //Create Column & Row Workbook Cell Rendering Styles 
    //Fill Worksheet With DataView 
    //Add Auto Shapes To Excel Worksheet 
    //Select All Used Cells 
    //Create Headers/Footers 
    //Set Status Finished 
    //Save workbook & Tidy up all objects 
    //@param dv : DataView to use 
    //@param path : The path to save/open the EXCEL file to/from 
    //@param sheetName : The target sheet within the EXCEL file 
    public void ExportToExcel(System.Data.DataView dv, string path, string sheetName, string[] UnWantedColumns) 
    { 
     try 
     { 
      //Assign Instance Fields 
      this.dv = dv; 

      #region NEW EXCEL DOCUMENT : Create Excel Objects 

      //create new EXCEL application 
      EXL = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass(); 
      //index to hold location of the requested sheetName in the workbook sheets 
      //collection 
      int indexOfsheetName; 

      #region FILE EXISTS 
      //Does the file exist for the given path 
      if (File.Exists(path)) 
      { 

       //Yes file exists, so open the file 
       workbook = EXL.Workbooks.Open(path, 
        0, false, 5, "", "", false, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlPlatform.xlWindows, "", 
        true, false, 0, true, false, false); 

       //get the workbook sheets collection 
       sheets = workbook.Sheets; 

       //set the location of the requested sheetName to -1, need to find where 
       //it is. It may not actually exist 
       indexOfsheetName = -1; 

       //loop through the sheets collection 
       for (int i = 1; i <= sheets.Count; i++) 
       { 
        //get the current worksheet at index (i) 
        worksheet = (Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(i); 

        //is the current worksheet the sheetName that was requested 
        if (worksheet.Name.ToString().Equals(sheetName)) 
        { 
         //yes it is, so store its index 
         indexOfsheetName = i; 

         //Select all cells, and clear the contents 
         Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range myAllRange = worksheet.Cells; 
         myAllRange.Select(); 
         myAllRange.CurrentRegion.Select(); 
         myAllRange.ClearContents(); 
        } 
       } 

       //At this point it is known that the sheetName that was requested 
       //does not exist within the found file, so create a new sheet within the 
       //sheets collection 
       if (indexOfsheetName == -1) 
       { 
        //Create a new sheet for the requested sheet 
        Worksheet sh = (Worksheet)workbook.Sheets.Add(
         Type.Missing, (Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(sheets.Count), 
         Type.Missing, Type.Missing); 
        //Change its name to that requested 
        sh.Name = sheetName; 
       } 
      } 
      #endregion 

      #region FILE DOESNT EXIST 
      //No the file DOES NOT exist, so create a new file 
      else 
      { 
       //Add a new workbook to the file 
       workbook = EXL.Workbooks.Add(XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); 
       //get the workbook sheets collection 
       sheets = workbook.Sheets; 
       //get the new sheet 
       worksheet = (Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1); 
       //Change its name to that requested 
       worksheet.Name = sheetName; 
      } 
      #endregion 

      #region get correct worksheet index for requested sheetName 

      //get the workbook sheets collection 
      sheets = workbook.Sheets; 

      //set the location of the requested sheetName to -1, need to find where 
      //it is. It will definately exist now as it has just been added 
      indexOfsheetName = -1; 

      //loop through the sheets collection 
      for (int i = 1; i <= sheets.Count; i++) 
      { 
       //get the current worksheet at index (i) 
       worksheet = (Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(i); 



       //is the current worksheet the sheetName that was requested 
       if (worksheet.Name.ToString().Equals(sheetName)) 
       { 
        //yes it is, so store its index 
        indexOfsheetName = i; 
       } 
      } 

      //set the worksheet that the DataView should write to, to the known index of the 
      //requested sheet 
      worksheet = (Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(indexOfsheetName); 
      #endregion 

      #endregion 

      // Set styles 1st 
      SetUpStyles(); 
      //Fill EXCEL worksheet with DataView values 
      fillWorksheet_WithDataView(UnWantedColumns); 
      //Add the autoshapes to EXCEL 
      //AddAutoShapesToExcel(); 
      //Select all used cells within current worksheet 
      SelectAllUsedCells(); 

      try 
      { 
       workbook.Close(true, path, Type.Missing); 
       EXL.UserControl = false; 
       EXL.Quit(); 
       EXL = null; 
       //kill the EXCEL process as a safety measure 
       killExcel(); 
      } 
      catch (COMException cex) 
      { 

      } 
      catch (Exception ex) 
      { 

      } 
     } 
     catch (Exception ex) 
     { 

     } 
    } 
    #endregion 

    #region EXCEL : UseTemplate 
    //Exports a DataView to Excel. The following steps are carried out 
    //in order to export the DataView to Excel 
    //Create Excel Objects And Open Template File 
    //Select All Used Cells 
    //Create Headers/Footers 
    //Set Status Finished 
    //Save workbook & Tidy up all objects 
    //@param path : The path to save/open the EXCEL file to/from 
    public void UseTemplate(string path, string templatePath, string[,] myTemplateValues) 
    { 
     try 
     { 
      this.myTemplateValues = myTemplateValues; 
      //create new EXCEL application 
      EXL = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass(); 
      //Yes file exists, so open the file 
      workbook = EXL.Workbooks.Open(templatePath, 
       0, false, 5, "", "", false, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlPlatform.xlWindows, "", 
       true, false, 0, true, false, false); 
      //get the workbook sheets collection 
      sheets = workbook.Sheets; 
      //get the new sheet 
      worksheet = (Worksheet)sheets.get_Item(1); 
      //Change its name to that requested 
      worksheet.Name = "ATemplate"; 
      //Fills the Excel Template File Selected With A 2D Test Array 
      fillTemplate_WithTestValues(); 
      //Select all used cells within current worksheet 
      SelectAllUsedCells(); 

      try 
      { 
       workbook.Close(true, path, Type.Missing); 
       EXL.UserControl = false; 
       EXL.Quit(); 
       EXL = null; 
       //kill the EXCEL process as a safety measure 
       killExcel(); 
      } 
      catch (COMException) 
      { 
      } 
     } 
     catch (Exception ex) 
     { 
     } 
    } 
    #endregion 

    #region STEP 1 : Create Column & Row Workbook Cell Rendering Styles 
    //Creates 2 Custom styles for the workbook These styles are 
    // styleColumnHeadings 
    // styleRows 
    //These 2 styles are used when filling the individual Excel cells with the 
    //DataView values. If the current cell relates to a DataView column heading 
    //then the style styleColumnHeadings will be used to render the current cell. 
    //If the current cell relates to a DataView row then the style styleRows will 
    //be used to render the current cell. 
    private void SetUpStyles() 
    { 
     // Style styleColumnHeadings 
     try 
     { 
      styleColumnHeadings = workbook.Styles["styleColumnHeadings"]; 
     } 
     // Style doesn't exist yet. 
     catch 
     { 
      styleColumnHeadings = workbook.Styles.Add("styleColumnHeadings", Type.Missing); 
      styleColumnHeadings.Font.Name = "Arial"; 
      styleColumnHeadings.Font.Size = 12; 
      styleColumnHeadings.Font.Bold = true; 
     } 

     // Style styleRows 
     try 
     { 

      styleRows = workbook.Styles["styleRows"]; 
     } 
     // Style doesn't exist yet. 
     catch 
     { 
      styleRows = workbook.Styles.Add("styleRows", Type.Missing); 
      styleRows.Font.Name = "Verdana"; 
      styleRows.Font.Size = 9; 
     } 
    } 
    #endregion 

    #region STEP 2 : Fill Worksheet With DataView 
    //Fills an Excel worksheet with the values contained in the DataView 
    //parameter 
    private void fillWorksheet_WithDataView(string[] UnWantedColumns) 
    { 
     position = 0; 
     //Add DataView Columns To Worksheet 
     int row = 1; 
     int col = 1; 
     // Remove unwanted columns in the loop 
     int total = dv.Table.Columns.Count - UnWantedColumns.Count(); 
     // Loop thought the columns 
     for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) 
     { 

      fillExcelCell(worksheet, row, col++, dv.Table.Columns[i].ToString(), styleColumnHeadings.Name, UnWantedColumns); 
     } 

     //Add DataView Rows To Worksheet 
     row = 2; 
     col = 1; 

     for (int i = 0; i < dv.Table.Rows.Count; i++) 
     { 

      for (int j = 0; j < dv.Table.Columns.Count; j++) 
      { 
       fillExcelCell(worksheet, row, col++, dv[i][j].ToString(), styleRows.Name, UnWantedColumns); 
      } 
      col = 1; 
      row++; 

      position = (100/dv.Table.Rows.Count) * row + 2; 
     } 
    } 
    #endregion 

    #region STEP 3 : Fill Individual Cell and Render Using Predefined Style 
    //Formats the current cell based on the Style setting parameter name 
    //provided here 
    //@param worksheet : The worksheet 
    //@param row : Current row 
    //@param col : Current Column 
    //@param Value : The value for the cell 
    //@param StyleName : The style name to use 
    private void fillExcelCell(Worksheet worksheet, int row, int col, Object Value, string StyleName, string[] UnWantedColumns) 
    { 
     if (!UnWantedColumns.Contains(Value.ToString())) 
     { 
      Range rng = (Range)worksheet.Cells[row, col]; 
      rng.NumberFormat = "@"; 
      rng.Select(); 
      rng.Value2 = Value.ToString(); 
      rng.Style = StyleName; 
      rng.Columns.EntireColumn.AutoFit(); 
     } 
    } 
    #endregion 

    #region STEP 4 : Add Auto Shapes To Excel Worksheet 
    //Add some WordArt objecs to the Excel worksheet 
    private void AddAutoShapesToExcel() 
    { 
     //Method fields 
     float txtSize = 80; 
     float Left = 100.0F; 
     float Top = 100.0F; 
     //Have 2 objects 
     int[] numShapes = new int[2]; 
     Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Shape[] myShapes = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Shape[numShapes.Length]; 

     try 
     { 
      //loop through the object count 
      for (int i = 0; i < numShapes.Length; i++) 
      { 

       //Add the object to Excel 
       myShapes[i] = worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "DRAFT", "Arial Black", 
        txtSize, MsoTriState.msoFalse, MsoTriState.msoFalse, (Left * (i * 3)), Top); 

       //Manipulate the object settings 
       myShapes[i].Rotation = 45F; 
       myShapes[i].Fill.Visible = Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse; 
       myShapes[i].Fill.Transparency = 0F; 
       myShapes[i].Line.Weight = 1.75F; 
       myShapes[i].Line.DashStyle = MsoLineDashStyle.msoLineSolid; 
       myShapes[i].Line.Transparency = 0F; 
       myShapes[i].Line.Visible = Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue; 
       myShapes[i].Line.ForeColor.RGB = (0 << 16) | (0 << 8) | 0; 
       myShapes[i].Line.BackColor.RGB = (255 << 16) | (255 << 8) | 255; 
      } 
     } 
     catch (Exception ex) 
     { 
     } 

    } 
    #endregion 

    #region STEP 5 : Select All Used Cells 
    //Selects all used cells for the Excel worksheet 
    private void SelectAllUsedCells() 
    { 
     Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range myAllRange = worksheet.Cells; 
     myAllRange.Select(); 
     myAllRange.CurrentRegion.Select(); 
    } 
    #endregion 

    #region STEP 6 : Fill Template With Test Values 
    //Fills the Excel Template File Selected With A 2D Test Array parameter 
    private void fillTemplate_WithTestValues() 
    { 
     //Initilaise the correct Start Row/Column to match the Template 
     int StartRow = 3; 
     int StartCol = 2; 

     position = 0; 

     // Display the array elements within the Output window, make sure its correct before 
     for (int i = 0; i <= myTemplateValues.GetUpperBound(0); i++) 
     { 
      //loop through array and put into EXCEL template 
      for (int j = 0; j <= myTemplateValues.GetUpperBound(1); j++) 
      { 
       //update position in progress bar 
       position = (100/myTemplateValues.Length) * i; 

       //put into EXCEL template 
       Range rng = (Range)worksheet.Cells[StartRow, StartCol++]; 
       rng.Select(); 
       rng.Value2 = myTemplateValues[i, j].ToString(); 
       rng.Rows.EntireRow.AutoFit(); 
      } 
      //New row, so column needs to be reset 
      StartCol = 2; 
      StartRow++; 
     } 
    } 

    #endregion 

    #region Kill EXCEL 
    //As a safety check go through all processes and make 
    //doubly sure excel is shutdown. Working with COM 
    //have sometimes noticed that the EXL.Quit() call 
    //does always do the job 
    private void killExcel() 
    { 
     try 
     { 
      Process[] ps = Process.GetProcesses(); 
      foreach (Process p in ps) 
      { 
       if (p.ProcessName.ToLower().Equals("excel")) 
       { 
        p.Kill(); 
       } 
      } 
     } 
     catch (Exception ex) 
     { 
     } 
    } 
    #endregion 
} 

Answer 1

我有几点建议来提高性能。单是他们可能没有太大的影响，但他们一起应该改善整体表现。

• 隐藏Excel（如果它不是）EXL.Visible = false;。关闭 Calculation（Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual，如果它不需要 ）和ScreenUpdating。使用Excel.Workbooks.Worksheets而不是Sheets集合。

• 而不是通过所有工作表循环，尝试引用一个你想要的，使用错误处理，以确定该表是否存在：

  Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets["SheetName"]; 
  

避免Select，它很少是必要的 - 和慢。更换，

//Select all cells, and clear the contents 
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range myAllRange = worksheet.Cells; 
myAllRange.Select(); 
myAllRange.CurrentRegion.Select(); 
myAllRange.ClearContents(); 

与

worksheet.UsedRange.ClearContents(); 

你应该能够删除你的函数SelectAllUsedCells()完全。如果您仍然需要选择它们，然后：

worksheet.UsedRange.Select(); // but shouldn't be necessary 

否则，如果你坚持通过工作表循环，使用break;一旦你找到了表，退出循环。

删除rng.Select();从fillExcelCell（）功能。但是，您似乎正在为每个单元调用此函数;它是否正确？之后我会尽一切努力。特别是在整个范围内应用AutoFit。

我会创建一次形状并复制/粘贴它。 （不知道是否可以克隆？）

把测算模式恢复到原来的设置时完成。

Answer 2

您正在处理一个单元格。 Excel对象可以代表一个二维网格。

1. 您可以在.NET中创建一个数组，并将Value设置为一次。
2. 我的首选是按列操作。这样数据和格式可以包含在一个逻辑单元中。

Answer 3

我不回答你的问题相关的道歉，但我想在这里过一个忠告。

以这种方式使用Interop本质上是非常缓慢的：应用程序之间的通信并不是Windows中最快的事情，并且Excel在每次操作中都会执行很多不需要的操作，即使Andy G为您提供了一些提示来限制其开销。

的固体溶液是不使用Excel导出数据：使用.NET库如的Aspose.Cells或任何其他一个。 Aspose.Cells有点贵，但非常好。请注意，我对Aspose没有兴趣，我刚刚在我的几个项目中使用过它。我也使用过Syncfusion，在我看来，它更便宜，但不太直观。还有其他的，包括免费的MS OpenXml库，这是免费的，但非常低（我不会建议它）。

使用这样的库很容易将数据导出到Excel文件，并且性能非常好。