需要从一个字符串中提取字符串

Question

我：

/var/cache/pacman/pkg/vim-runtime-7.3.754-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz 
/var/cache/pacman/pkg/vim-7.3.918-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz 

格式是：

cachedir    package  packageVersion packageRelease architecture extesnion 
/var/cache/pacman/pkg/ vim-runtime 7.3.754  1    x86_64  pkg.tar.xz 
/var/cache/pacman/pkg/ vim   7.3.918  2    x86_64  pkg.tar.xz 

所以我还想与能够从原始字符串 提取任何对那些落得*包中可以有连字符

任何帮助都会被满足

Answer 1

使用basename连同sed：

basename "/var/cache/pacman/pkg/vim-runtime-7.3.754-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz" \ 
| sed 's/\([a-z\-]*\)\-\(.*\)/\1/i' 

输出：

vim-runtime # or .. 
vim 

Answer 2

提示：

$ cachedir=$(dirname /var/cache/pacman/pkg/vim-runtime-7.3.754-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz) 
$ printf '%s\n' "$cachedir" 
/var/cache/pacman/pkg 

$ basename=$(basename /var/cache/pacman/pkg/vim-runtime-7.3.754-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz) 
$ printf '%s\n' "$basename" 
vim-runtime-7.3.754-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz 

$ IFS=- read -a components <<< "$basename" 
$ printf '%s\n' "${components[@]}" 
vim 
runtime 
7.3.754 
1 
x86_64.pkg.tar.xz 

$ printf '%s\n' "${components[-1]}" 
x86_64.pkg.tar.xz 

$ extension="${components[-1]#*.}" 
$ printf '%s\n' "$extension" 
pkg.tar.xz 

$ architecture="${components[-1]%%.*}" 
$ printf '%s\n' "$architecture" 
x86_64 

$ packageRelease="${components[-2]%%.*}" 
$ printf '%s\n' "$packageRelease" 
1 

$ packageVersion="${components[-3]}" 
$ printf '%s\n' "$packageVersion" 
7.3.754 

$ package=$(echo "${components[@]:0:$((${#components[@]} - 3))}" | tr -s ' ' '-') 
$ printf '%s\n' "$package" 
vim-runtime 

Answer 3

这样的：

var='/var/cache/pacman/pkg/vim-runtime-7.3.754-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz'; basename ${var%%-[0-9]*}