如何匹配具有相同名称的文件并将它们合并到shell脚本中？

Question

我试图将多个文件合并到一个具有相似命名模式的文件夹中，而不管该目录如何。

文件结构如下：

20170219-A20-L1-AB1234_S1_R1_001.txt 
20170211-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S1_R1_001.txt 
20170210-C20-L1-AB1234-3_S1_R1_001.txt 
20170211-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S2_R1_001.txt 
20170210-C20-L1-AB1234-3_S2_R1_001.txt 

我的准则是要找出包含_S1和_S2的文件，所有的_S1文件到一个新的单个文件和所有_S2文件合并成一个新的单个文件。

我的预期输出可能是20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S1_R1_001_merge.txt和20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S2_R1_001_merge.txt。我对合并的文件名没有任何特定要求，但我希望这些合并的文件位于同一个文件夹中。

我一直在尝试使用grep和cut命令，但我的for循环无法正常工作。我发现很难理解shell中的正则表达式。

请帮助我构建逻辑。

Answer 1

无论是以前的解决方案是合适的，但不会从其他目录合并的任何文件。要重新创建你的问题我做了以下内容，然后试图去解决它按照您的初始请求：

按您的要求创建的文件：

$ touch $(date +%Y%m%d)_{A,B}{20,21}_L{1,3}_AB1234_{1,3}_S{1,2}_R1_001.txt 
$ touch $(date +%Y%m%d)_{A,B}{20,21}_L{1,3}_AB1234_S{1,2}_R1_001.txt 
$ ls | wc -l 
48 

创建一个参数myText与48线随机文本生成Lorem存有：

$ echo "${myText}" | wc -l 
    48 

都给从myText每一行中的每个文件之一：

$ ls -t1 | awk '{print NR" "$0}' | while read i j; do echo "${myText}" | awk -v var=${i} 'NR==var {print}' >> ${j}; done 
$ for i in `ls -t1`; do echo -n " ${i}: "; cat ${i}; done 
20170219_B21_L3_AB1234_3_S1_R1_001.txt: This is additional line two 
20170219_B21_L3_AB1234_3_S2_R1_001.txt: line three 
... 
20170219_A20_L3_AB1234_S1_R1_001.txt: Phasellus ut quam eu lacus aliquet vehicula. 
20170219_A20_L1_AB1234_S1_R1_001.txt: Proin nec orci accumsan, pharetra sapien sed, gravida arcu. 
20170219_B21_L3_AB1234_S2_R1_001.txt: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit 

然后我合并了所有... S1 ...和... S2 ...文件（这会发现任何符合我的标准并从我的主目录下来的文件;附加，而不是覆盖，使用cat >> file代替cat > file - 这取决于如果文件脚本之前清理需要重新运行）：

$ find ~ -type f -iname "[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_[A,B]*S1*" -exec cat > AB1234_S1_R1_001_merged.txt {} + 
$ find ~ -type f -iname "[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_[A,B]*S2*" -exec cat > AB1234_S2_R1_001_merged.txt {} + 

结果：

$ for i in `ls | grep merged`; do echo; echo "--- ${i} ---"; cat ${i}; done 

--- AB1234_S1_R1_001_merged.txt --- 
Donec et ante tempor, hendrerit est ut, egestas massa. 
Donec laoreet erat a sapien finibus venenatis. 
Etiam eget urna eu ipsum dapibus aliquet. 
Phasellus ut quam eu lacus aliquet vehicula. 
Phasellus sed lorem ac odio rutrum vehicula. 
Aliquam ac eros ut risus fringilla fringilla. 
Curabitur a purus ultricies sem venenatis auctor. 
Praesent dignissim justo non diam ultrices, nec fermentum lectus dictum. 
Donec imperdiet mi sit amet quam iaculis rhoncus. 
Nam vitae neque vehicula, consectetur dui porttitor, placerat libero. 
Nulla eget diam iaculis augue interdum posuere. 
Fusce a diam ac neque accumsan sagittis. 
Sed feugiat mi eget augue euismod, et laoreet urna dictum. 
This is additional line two 
Vestibulum egestas tellus non justo fringilla viverra eget eu neque. 
Aliquam porttitor nisi nec laoreet vestibulum. 
Donec congue diam ut leo commodo mattis. 
Quisque egestas odio sit amet diam efficitur, non accumsan magna blandit. 
Donec convallis metus at iaculis pellentesque. 
Nam a ligula venenatis, consectetur lectus et, dictum erat. 
Proin nec orci accumsan, pharetra sapien sed, gravida arcu. 
Curabitur volutpat nibh nec leo tempus, at sagittis lacus euismod. 
Mauris blandit sem ac lectus varius lobortis. 
In eu ipsum et felis lobortis dictum. 

--- AB1234_S2_R1_001_merged.txt --- 
Aenean id orci sit amet lacus tincidunt molestie. 
Duis pretium tellus dapibus lorem rhoncus, at tincidunt mauris pellentesque. 
Integer hendrerit mauris sit amet nunc aliquam, id congue justo pulvinar. 
Praesent dapibus augue ac enim consequat, vitae feugiat enim scelerisque. 
This is additional line one 
Sed sit amet dolor accumsan, commodo magna at, aliquet neque. 
Quisque porttitor sapien sed orci vulputate, ac porta ante sollicitudin. 
In malesuada leo sit amet purus accumsan porttitor commodo eu eros. 
Integer ut odio elementum, viverra velit at, molestie nulla. 
Suspendisse suscipit lorem id suscipit consectetur. 
Donec vulputate nibh eget imperdiet volutpat. 
Curabitur sit amet libero eget nulla viverra iaculis sit amet eget eros. 
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. 
Maecenas imperdiet nisl quis arcu blandit, sed pretium mi auctor. 
Sed sit amet nunc faucibus, ultricies elit quis, sodales magna. 
Nulla pharetra mauris eu quam sollicitudin ornare in et metus. 
Ut convallis nibh in tempus fringilla. 
In ornare erat quis sodales hendrerit. 
Phasellus molestie erat commodo est venenatis, ullamcorper tempus elit hendrerit. 
Nam mollis ante in purus suscipit, quis facilisis risus efficitur. 
Integer pellentesque sem eget diam ultrices, eget vulputate ante pharetra. 
Mauris ac nisl vitae sapien lacinia ornare nec nec felis. 
line three 
Sed dapibus ipsum eu purus interdum, at varius libero ornare. 

做了这样的回答这个问题？

Answer 2

事情是这样的：

#!/bin/bash 

for i in 'S1' 'S2' 
do 
    cat *_"$i"_R[0-9]*_[0-9]*.txt > "$i".txt 
done 

使用在for声明（S1 & S2在这种情况下）给出的列表，猫使用正则表达式模式和输出发送到一个文件中的每个元素的文件列表。合并的输出文件将是S1.txt和S2.txt。如果需要，您可以使用正则表达式来使其更加严格。

Answer 3

下面将帮助：如果要搜索的文件在工作目录

cat *_s1* > 20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S1_R1_001_merge.txt 
cat *_s2* > 20170219-B21-L3-AB1234-2_S2_R1_001_merge.txt