Python简单的乌龟程序

Question

我无法完成一个Python乌龟程序。当我尝试输入x和y坐标以及像 t.drawSnowman（x = 25，y = 25，radius = 25）这样的函数的半径值时，输入值时程序会出现异常。但如果我忽略上面的参数，而只是使用t.drawSnowman（）该程序按预期工作，但我无法创建雪人的各种实例。

我真的很想找到如何输入参数，仍然有程序功能的帮助。

这里是我的代码

import turtle 

class MyTurtle(turtle.Turtle): 
"""""" 


def __init__(self): 
    """Turtle Constructor""" 
    turtle.Turtle.__init__(self, shape="turtle") 

def drawNose(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    '''draw nose ''' 
    self.pendown() 
    self.goto(-(radius) * (0.25),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)) 
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)+(radius * (0.25))) 
    self.goto((radius) * (0.25),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)) 
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)) 
    self.penup() 

def leftEye(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    '''draw left eye''' 
    self.pendown() 
    self.circle(radius*(.25)) 
    self.penup() 
def rightEye(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    '''draw right eye''' 
    self.pendown() 
    self.circle(radius*(.25)) 
    self.penup() 
def bottomOfHat(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    ''' draw the long part of the hat at the bottom ''' 
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)) 
    self.pendown() 
    self.goto(-(radius),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)) 
    self.goto(-(radius),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5))) 
    self.goto(radius,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5))) 
    self.goto(radius,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)) 
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)) 
    self.penup() 

def topOfHat(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    '''draw the top bigger part of the hat''' 
    self.goto(radius*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5))) 
    self.pendown() 
    self.goto(radius*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * 2)) 
    self.goto(-(radius)*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * 2)) 
    self.goto(-(radius)*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5))) 

def bottomCircle(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    '''draws the bottom circle''' 
    self.pendown() 
    self.circle(radius * 3) 
    self.penup() 
def middleCircle(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    '''draw the middle circle''' 
    self.pendown() 
    self.circle(radius * 2) 
    self.penup() 
def topCircle(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    '''draw the top circle''' 
    self.pendown() 
    self.circle(radius) 
    self.penup() 
def drawSnowman(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"): 
    self.bottomCircle() 
    self.goto(0,radius * 6) 
    self.middleCircle() 
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)) 
    self.topCircle() 
    self.goto(-(radius) * (0.5),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)) 
    self.leftEye() 
    self.goto((radius) * (0.5),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)) 
    self.rightEye() 
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)) 
    self.drawNose() 
    self.bottomOfHat() 
    self.topOfHat() 



t = MyTurtle() 
t.hideturtle() 
radius = 15 
t.drawSnowman(x = 25,y = 25,radius = 25) 

这是雪人的照片，当我使用的参数 t.drawsnowman（X = 25 Y = 25米半径= 25）

这是雪人，当我inuput没有参数t.drawsnowman（）

Answer 1

尝试一步一步，并找出你的代码实际上做了什么（或使用调试器）。

• 如果你打电话t.drawSnowman()，radius将15。
• 你叫bottomCircle()这将画一个圆与radius * 3 = 45
• 您在Y轴移动radius * 6 = 90半径（你现在“顶部”圆的）
• 你叫middleCircle()将与radius * 2为半径的圆= 30
• ...

现在，看看会发生什么，如果你卡L您的功能与参数：

• 如果你打电话t.drawSnowman(x = 25,y = 25,radius = 25)，radius将25。
• 你打电话bottomCircle()，它将绘制一个半径为radius * 3 = 45的圆。注意局部变量radius是15，因为它是该参数的默认值，并且您不会将传递给drawSnowman的值传递给bottomCircle方法。
• 您在Y轴移动radius * 6 = 150（你现在远圆的关是）
• 你叫middleCircle()这将与radius * 2 = 30为半径的圆。请注意，局部变量radius的方式也是15。
• ...

所以，你的问题是，你在radius一个值传递，但你使用该值仅适用于drawSnowman移动乌龟，在任何的其他功能不会进一步下降。