SQLServer：如何对按其外键依赖项排序的表名进行排序

Question

以下SQL根据表之间的关系分隔表。问题在于3000系列下的表格。作为外键的一部分并使用外键的表。任何人最好有一些聪明的递归CTE或存储过程来做必要的排序？连接到数据库的程序不被视为解决方案。

编辑：我根据第一个解决方案在“答案”中发布了答案 对于任何人重新发布我自己的“正确”答案的免费“正确答案”！

WITH 
AllTables(TableName) AS 
(
SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(so.id) +'.'+ OBJECT_NAME(so.id) 
FROM dbo.sysobjects so 
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns ac ON 
    so.ID = ac.object_id 
WHERE 
    so.type = 'U' 
AND 
    ac.is_rowguidcol = 1 
), 

    Relationships(ReferenceTableName, ReferenceColumnName, TableName, ColumnName) AS 
    (
    SELECT 
    OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME (fkey.referenced_object_id) + '.' + 
    OBJECT_NAME (fkey.referenced_object_id) AS ReferenceTableName 
    ,COL_NAME(fcol.referenced_object_id, 
       fcol.referenced_column_id) AS ReferenceColumnName 
    ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME (fkey.parent_object_id) + '.' + 
    OBJECT_NAME(fkey.parent_object_id) AS TableName 
    ,COL_NAME(fcol.parent_object_id, fcol.parent_column_id) AS ColumnName 
    FROM sys.foreign_keys AS fkey 
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fcol ON 
       fkey.OBJECT_ID = fcol.constraint_object_id 
), 

NotReferencedOrReferencing(TableName) AS 
(
SELECT TableName FROM AllTables 
EXCEPT 
SELECT TableName FROM Relationships 
EXCEPT 
SELECT ReferenceTableName FROM Relationships 
), 

OnlyReferenced(Tablename) AS 
(
SELECT ReferenceTableName FROM Relationships 
EXCEPT 
SELECT TableName FROM Relationships 
), 
-- These need to be sorted based on theire internal relationships 
ReferencedAndReferencing(TableName, ReferenceTableName) AS 
(
SELECT r1.Tablename, r2.ReferenceTableName FROM Relationships r1 
INNER JOIN Relationships r2 
ON r1.TableName = r2.ReferenceTableName 
), 

OnlyReferencing(TableName) AS 
(
SELECT Tablename FROM Relationships 
EXCEPT 
SELECT ReferenceTablename FROM Relationships 
) 
SELECT TableName, 1000 AS Sorting FROM NotReferencedOrReferencing 
UNION 
SELECT TableName, 2000 AS Sorting FROM OnlyReferenced 
UNION 
SELECT TableName, 3000 AS Sorting FROM ReferencedAndReferencing 
UNION 
SELECT TableName, 4000 AS Sorting FROM OnlyReferencing 
ORDER BY Sorting 

Answer 1

感谢您的工作溶液NXC。你把我放在正确的轨道上，用递归CTE解决问题。

WITH 
    TablesCTE(TableName, TableID, Ordinal) AS 
    (
    SELECT 
    OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(so.id) +'.'+ OBJECT_NAME(so.id) AS TableName, 
    so.id AS TableID, 
    0 AS Ordinal 
    FROM dbo.sysobjects so INNER JOIN sys.all_columns ac ON so.ID = ac.object_id 
    WHERE 
    so.type = 'U' 
    AND 
    ac.is_rowguidcol = 1 
    UNION ALL 
    SELECT 
    OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(so.id) +'.'+ OBJECT_NAME(so.id) AS TableName, 
    so.id AS TableID, 
    tt.Ordinal + 1 AS Ordinal 
    FROM 
    dbo.sysobjects so 
    INNER JOIN sys.all_columns ac ON so.ID = ac.object_id 
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys f 
     ON (f.parent_object_id = so.id AND f.parent_object_id != f.referenced_object_id) 
    INNER JOIN TablesCTE tt ON f.referenced_object_id = tt.TableID 
    WHERE 
    so.type = 'U' 
    AND 
    ac.is_rowguidcol = 1 
) 
SELECT DISTINCT 
    t.Ordinal, 
    t.TableName 
    FROM TablesCTE t 
    INNER JOIN 
    (
    SELECT 
     TableName as TableName, 
     Max (Ordinal) as Ordinal 
    FROM TablesCTE 
    GROUP BY TableName 
    ) tt ON (t.TableName = tt.TableName AND t.Ordinal = tt.Ordinal) 
ORDER BY t.Ordinal, t.TableName 

对于想知道这可用于什么：我将使用它来安全地清空数据库而不会违反任何外键关系。 （按降序截断） 我还可以通过按升序填写表格来安全地填充来自另一个数据库的数据。

Answer 2

您可以使用迭代算法，这可能比CTE的卷积更小。下面是根据深度排序的例子：

declare @level int  -- Current depth 
     ,@count int  

-- Step 1: Start with tables that have no FK dependencies 
-- 
if object_id ('tempdb..#Tables') is not null 
    drop table #Tables 

select s.name + '.' + t.name as TableName 
     ,t.object_id   as TableID 
     ,0      as Ordinal 
    into #Tables 
    from sys.tables t 
    join sys.schemas s 
    on t.schema_id = s.schema_id 
where not exists 
     (select 1 
      from sys.foreign_keys f 
     where f.parent_object_id = t.object_id) 

set @count = @@rowcount   
set @level = 0 


-- Step 2: For a given depth this finds tables joined to 
-- tables at this given depth. A table can live at multiple 
-- depths if it has more than one join path into it, so we 
-- filter these out in step 3 at the end. 
-- 
while @count > 0 begin 

    insert #Tables (
      TableName 
      ,TableID 
      ,Ordinal 
    ) 
    select s.name + '.' + t.name as TableName 
      ,t.object_id   as TableID 
      ,@level + 1    as Ordinal 
     from sys.tables t 
     join sys.schemas s 
     on s.schema_id = t.schema_id 
    where exists 
      (select 1 
       from sys.foreign_keys f 
       join #Tables tt 
       on f.referenced_object_id = tt.TableID 
       and tt.Ordinal = @level 
       and f.parent_object_id = t.object_id 
       and f.parent_object_id != f.referenced_object_id) 
        -- The last line ignores self-joins. You'll 
        -- need to deal with these separately 

    set @count = @@rowcount 
    set @level = @level + 1 
end 

-- Step 3: This filters out the maximum depth an object occurs at 
-- and displays the deepest first. 
-- 
select t.Ordinal 
     ,t.TableID 
     ,t.TableName 
    from #Tables t 
    join (select TableName  as TableName 
       ,Max (Ordinal) as Ordinal 
      from #Tables 
     group by TableName) tt 
    on t.TableName = tt.TableName 
    and t.Ordinal = tt.Ordinal 
order by t.Ordinal desc 

Answer 3

这会导致自引用表出现问题。您需要手动排除指向自引用表的所有外键。

INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys f 
    ON (f.parent_object_id = so.id AND f.parent_object_id != f.referenced_object_id) 

    /* Manually exclude self-referencing tables - they cause recursion problems*/  
    and f.object_id not in /*Below are IDs of foreign keys*/ 
     (1847729685, 
     1863729742,  
     1879729799  
     ) 
INNER JOIN TablesCTE tt 

Answer 4

我的演绎与适度的调整：这一个是SQL-2005 +和数据库作品，未经“ROWGUIDCOL”：

WITH TablesCTE(SchemaName, TableName, TableID, Ordinal) AS 
(
    SELECT 
     OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(so.object_id) AS SchemaName, 
     OBJECT_NAME(so.object_id) AS TableName, 
     so.object_id AS TableID, 
     0 AS Ordinal 
    FROM 
     sys.objects AS so 
    WHERE 
     so.type = 'U' 
     AND so.is_ms_Shipped = 0 
    UNION ALL 
    SELECT 
     OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(so.object_id) AS SchemaName, 
     OBJECT_NAME(so.object_id) AS TableName, 
     so.object_id AS TableID, 
     tt.Ordinal + 1 AS Ordinal 
    FROM 
     sys.objects AS so 
    INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys AS f 
     ON f.parent_object_id = so.object_id 
     AND f.parent_object_id != f.referenced_object_id 
    INNER JOIN TablesCTE AS tt 
     ON f.referenced_object_id = tt.TableID 
    WHERE 
     so.type = 'U' 
     AND so.is_ms_Shipped = 0 
) 

SELECT DISTINCT 
     t.Ordinal, 
     t.SchemaName, 
     t.TableName, 
     t.TableID 
    FROM 
     TablesCTE AS t 
    INNER JOIN 
     (
      SELECT 
       itt.SchemaName as SchemaName, 
       itt.TableName as TableName, 
       itt.TableID as TableID, 
       Max(itt.Ordinal) as Ordinal 
      FROM 
       TablesCTE AS itt 
      GROUP BY 
       itt.SchemaName, 
       itt.TableName, 
       itt.TableID 
     ) AS tt 
     ON t.TableID = tt.TableID 
     AND t.Ordinal = tt.Ordinal 
ORDER BY 
    t.Ordinal, 
    t.TableName