具有动态年份列的数据透视SQL表

Question

我很难搞清楚这一点。我检查过类似的帖子，但他们只有一列作为一行旋转。虽然我需要转动

我有以下查询：

SELECT 
     Year([Date]) as Year 
     ,SUM([Drop]) as [Drop] 
     ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed] 
     ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as 'Per Cap' 
    FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
    group by [Date] 

这给了我这样的结果：

Year Drop TicketsDistributed TicketsSold GrossTickets Per Cap 
2016 222   100     5000  4000.00  0.800000 
2015 222   110     5000  4000.00  0.900000 
2014 222   120     5000  4000.00  1.00000 

而且我想以下几点：

     2016 2015 2014 
Drop     222 222 222  
TicketsDistributed  100 110 120  
TicketsSold   5000 5000 5000  
GrossTickets   4000 4000 4000 
Per Cap    0.8  0.9 1 

基础的在建议的答案这是我到目前为止，但它不起作用

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX), 
    @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX) 

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(Year(Date)) 
        from [dbo].[SpringTrainings] t 
        cross apply 
        (
         select SUM([Drop]) as [Drop] 
     ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed] 
     ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap 
    FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings] 
        ) c ([Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap) 
        group by Year(Date) 
        order by Year(Date) 
      FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE 
      ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
     ,1,1,'') 




set @query = 'SELECT [Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap,' + @cols + ' 
      from 
      (
       select SUM([Drop]) as [Drop] 
     ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed] 
     ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap 
     FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings] 

      ) x 
      pivot 
      (
       max(Year([Date])) 
       for Year([Date]) in (' + @cols + ') 
      ) p ' 

execute sp_executesql @query; 

Answer 1

如果您希望在T-SQL中继续使用pivot操作符，那么首先您需要“取消”现有查询，以便拥有Year，Label和Value。虽然T-SQL中有一个unpivot运算符，但我发现使用CROSS APPLY和VALUES要简单得多，速度也一样快（关于Brad Schultz的方法read this article的更多内容），我特别喜欢它，因为我可以轻松地将结果可视化我布置值对的方式。

SELECT 
     d.Year 
    , a.label 
    , a.value 
FROM (
     SELECT 
      YEAR([Date]) AS [Year] 
      , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop] 
      , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed] 
      , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold] 
      , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets] 
      , SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap] 
     FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
     GROUP BY 
      [Year] 
    ) AS t 
     CROSS APPLY (/* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */ 
      VALUES 
       ('Drop',t.Drop) 
       , ('TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed) 
       , ('TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold) 
       , ('GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets) 
       , ('PerCap',t.PerCap) 
    ) AS a (label, value) 

该查询（上面）替换了动态SQL中的派生表x。一旦数据被按摩到表单中的支点看起来简单的方法：

 ) x 
     pivot 
     (
      max([x.Value]) 
      for [x.Year] in ([2014],[2015],[2016]) 
     ) p 

为了您@cols我会建议一些简单的像这样：

SELECT DISTINCT 
    QUOTENAME(Year([date])) 
FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 

TIP：如果你需要一种方法对行进行排序，包括在横向施加过，这样的：

 CROSS APPLY (/* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */ 
      VALUES 
       (1, 'Drop',t.Drop) 
       , (2, 'TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed) 
       , (3, 'TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold) 
       , (4, 'GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets) 
       , (5, 'PerCap',t.PerCap) 
    ) AS a (row_order, label, value) 

，然后将该[row_order]可以用来进行枢轴之后。

让整体看起来是这样的：

DECLARE @cols AS nvarchar(max) 
     , @query AS nvarchar(max) 

SELECT @cols = STUFF((
      SELECT DISTINCT 
        ',' + QUOTENAME(YEAR([date])) 
      FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
      FOR xml PATH (''), TYPE 
    ) 
     .value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
     , 1, 1, '') 


SET @query = 'SELECT [Year], [Label], ' 
      + @cols 
      + ' FROM (
        SELECT 
         d.Year 
         , a.label 
         , a.value 
        FROM (
         SELECT 
           YEAR([Date]) AS [Year] 
          , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop] 
          , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed] 
          , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold] 
          , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets] 
          , SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap] 
         FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
         GROUP BY 
           [Year] 
       ) AS d 
         CROSS APPLY (
            VALUES 
             (1,''Drop'',t.Drop) 
             , (2,''TicketsDistributed'',t.TicketsDistributed) 
             , (3,''TicketsSold'',t.TicketsSold) 
             , (4,''GrossTickets'',t.GrossTickets) 
             , (5,''PerCap'',t.PerCap) 
         ) AS a (row_order,label,value) 
       ) x 
      pivot 
      (
       max([x.Value]) 
       for [x.Year] in (' + @cols + ') 
      ) p 
      ORDER BY [row_order]' 

EXECUTE sp_executesql @query;