导入属性始终为空（MEF导入问题）

Question

我尝试了一段时间使用MEF完成任务，但现在遇到了问题，我需要帮助。

描述： 我有2个DLL和一个EXE文件。 ClassLibrary1的（LoggerImpl.cs，SomeClass.cs） ClassLibrary2（ILogger.cs） WindowsApplicationForms1（WindowsApplicaitonForms1.cs，Program.cs中）

我需要任何帮助或指导为什么不起作用？

// ClassLibrary1.dll 
//SomeClass.cs 
public class SomeClass 
    { 
     [Import("Logging", typeof(ILogger))] 
     public ILogger Log { get; set; } <-- ALWAYS NULL ??? 

     public void Print() 
     { 
      Log.Print(); 
     } 

    } 

// ClassLibrary1.dll 
// LoggerImpl.cs 
namespace ClassLibrary1 
{ 
    [Export("Logging", typeof (ILogger))] 
    public class LoggerImpl : ILogger 
    { 
     public void Print() 
     { 
      Console.WriteLine("print called"); 
     } 
    } 
} 

// ClassLibrary2.dll 
// ILogger.cs 
namespace LogNamespace 
{ 
    public interface ILogger 
    { 
     void Print(); 
    } 
} 

// WindowsFormsApplication1.exe 
// WindowsFormsApplication1.cs 
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 
{ 
    [Export("Form1",typeof(Form1))] 
    public partial class Form1 : Form 
    { 

     [Import("Logging", typeof(ILogger))] 
     public ILogger Log { set; get; } 

     private CompositionContainer _container; 

     public Form1() 
     { 
      InitializeComponent(); 
      Compose(); 
      Log.Print(); 

      SomeClass c = new SomeClass(); 
      c.Print(); 
     } 

     private void Compose() 
     { 
      var catalog = new AggregateCatalog(); 

      catalog.Catalogs.Add(new DirectoryCatalog(".")); 
      catalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())); 
      _container = new CompositionContainer(catalog); 

      try 
      { 
       _container.ComposeParts(this); 
      } 
      catch (CompositionException compositionException) 
      { 
       MessageBox.Show(compositionException.ToString()); 
      } 
     } 
    } 
} 

Answer 1

（新SomeClass的（）），容器将不知道任何关于它，并不会构成它。

对于由MEF组成的部分，它需要由MEF创建，或者明确传递给容器。您可以手动告诉MEF以满足相同的方式SomeClass的对象的进口，你告诉它满足形式进口：

SomeClass c = new SomeClass(); 
_container.SatisfyImports(c); 
c.Print(); 

但是，你需要的容器要做到这一点直接访问，因此它不工作以及您的Form1类以外。在一般情况下，一个更好的方式做这将是你的Form1类出口SomeClass的，并创建一个导入为SomeClass的：

[Export] 
public class SomeClass 
{ 
    [Import("Logging", typeof(ILogger))] 
    public ILogger Log { get; set; } 

    // etc. 
} 

public partial class Form1 : Form 
{ 
    [Import("Logging", typeof(ILogger))] 
    public ILogger Log { set; get; } 

    [Import] 
    SomeClass _someClass { get; set; } 

    // etc. 
} 

Answer 2

你需要像类似的声明，下面如果你创建一个类自己的新实例到SomeClass的参与，组成过程

// ClassLibrary1.dll 
//SomeClass.cs 
using System; 
using System.ComponentModel.Composition; 
using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting; 
using System.Windows.Forms; 
using LogNamespace; 

public class SomeClass 
{ 
    [Import("Logging", typeof(ILogger))] 
    public ILogger Log { get; set; } //<-- ALWAYS NULL ??? 

    public SomeClass() 
    { 
     var catalog = new AggregateCatalog(); 
     CompositionContainer _container; 

     // catalog.Catalogs.Add(new DirectoryCatalog(".")); 
     catalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())); 
     _container = new CompositionContainer(catalog); 

     _container.ComposeParts(this); 
    } 

    public void Print() 
    { 
     Log.Print(); 
    } 

} 

// ClassLibrary1.dll 
// LoggerImpl.cs 
namespace ClassLibrary1 
{ 
    [Export("Logging", typeof(ILogger))] 
    public class LoggerImpl : ILogger 
    { 
     public void Print() 
     { 
      Console.WriteLine("print called"); 
     } 
    } 
} 

// ClassLibrary2.dll 
// ILogger.cs 
namespace LogNamespace 
{ 
    public interface ILogger 
    { 
     void Print(); 
    } 
} 

// WindowsFormsApplication1.exe 
// WindowsFormsApplication1.cs 
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 
{ 
    [Export("Form1", typeof(Form1))] 
    public partial class Form1 : Form 
    { 

     [Import("Logging", typeof(ILogger))] 
     public ILogger Log { set; get; } 

     private CompositionContainer _container; 

     public Form1() 
     { 
      InitializeComponent(); 
      Compose(); 
      Log.Print(); 

      SomeClass c = new SomeClass(); 
      c.Print(); 
     } 

     private void Compose() 
     { 
      var catalog = new AggregateCatalog(); 

      // catalog.Catalogs.Add(new DirectoryCatalog(".")); 
      catalog.Catalogs.Add(new AssemblyCatalog(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly())); 
      _container = new CompositionContainer(catalog); 

      try 
      { 
       _container.ComposeParts(this); 
      } 
      catch (CompositionException compositionException) 
      { 
       MessageBox.Show(compositionException.ToString()); 
      } 
     } 
    } 
}