Junit在springboot中测试独立服务层

Question

我有独立的服务层打包为jar maven模块。也是道层。 （基本上3个项目1控制器，1个服务，1个DAO）

所有配置和MainSpringBootApplication.java是在控制器层。在控制器单元测试中，使用下面的注释可以很好地工作。

@SpringBootTest 
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@ActiveProfiles("testenv") 

现在我想单元测试服务层。但面临错误。 服务层类具有低于注释

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@ActiveProfiles("testenv") 
@PropertySource("classpath:application-testenv") 

它给像下面

同样是与道层的情况下错误。 如何使用此类项目结构的test.properties文件为单元测试配置spring。 注意：我正在使用NO XML配置。 任何帮助表示赞赏。建议以后

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.test.example.TestSrevice': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'testService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.test.example.TestSrevice' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:386) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) 
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) 
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.test.example.TestSrevice' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1486) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) 
    ... 28 more 

编辑 错误微量变化

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'testService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'testDao'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.test.example.TestDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:108) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:251) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116) 
    ... 25 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.test.example.TestDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1486) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) 
    ... 43 more 

Answer 1

你可以提供一些测试的配置与使用@ContextConfiguration注释单元测试使用。如果它只是一个@ComponentScan你需要使用我会建议在你的测试类中为你的配置使用一个静态的内部类。不带参数注解与@ContextConfiguration您的测试类会默认使用内部类进行配置：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@ActiveProfiles("testenv") 
@PropertySource("classpath:application-testenv") 
@ContextConfiguration 
public class MyServiceTest { 

    ... 

    @ComponentScan 
    @Configuration 
    public static class MyServiceTestConfiguration { 

    @Bean 
    public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertyConfigurer() { 
     return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer(); 
    } 

    } 
} 

我还包括一个PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer豆，因为我敢肯定，你还需要的是正确地读你的属性。

Answer 2

根据下面的失败，它确认您的DAO没有被创建。也许他们没有被扫描，在这种情况下，你需要确保软件包被扫描。如果他们正在扫描但DAO没有被创建，则问题可能是JPA未加载。

产生的原因： org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException：无型 'com.test.example.TestDao' 可用的 预选赛豆：预计 至少1 Bean上有资格作为自动装配候选人。依赖 注释： {@ org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired（必需=真）}

您可能需要以下标注添加到您的测试： @DataJpaTest，如@DataJpaTest规定文档：

注释可以结合 @RunWith（SpringRunner.class）对于典型的测试JPA可以使用。当测试仅关注JPA组件时，可以使用 。使用此批注将 禁用完全自动配置，而是仅应用与JPA测试相关的配置 。

默认情况下，与@DataJpaTest注释的测试将使用嵌入 内存数据库（替换任何明确的或通常自动配置 数据源）。 @AutoConfigureTestDatabase注释可用于覆盖这些设置。

如果您正在寻找加载完整的应用程序的配置，但 使用嵌入式数据库，你应该考虑@SpringBootTest与@AutoConfigureTestDatabase而不是这个注解结合 。

Answer 3

感谢@Plog和@JC卡里洛我失踪@DataJpaTest和另外@EntityScan("com.test")和@EnableJpaRepositories("com.test")这解决了这个问题，但还是我的测试，因为它不是从给定的性质采取H2数据库的配置文件，并未能启动改掉来管理在其自己的。