使用Python发送电子邮件，从文本文件中获取收件人列表

Question

我已经能够将以下代码拼凑在一起，现在我可以使用它来通过OSX10.6发送电子邮件。然而，我想添加到这个脚本中的是，能够直接从Python文件本身所在的同一目录中的文本文件“收集”收件人列表。

我也希望硬编码'发送者'元素，因为它将保持静态。请帮助。

#!/usr/bin/env python 

"""Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.""" 

import os 
import sys 
import smtplib 
# For guessing MIME type based on file name extension 
import mimetypes 

from optparse import OptionParser 

from email import encoders 
from email.message import Message 
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio 
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase 
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText 

COMMASPACE = ', ' 

def main(): 
parser = OptionParser(usage="""\ 
Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message. 

Usage: %prog [options] 

Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local 
SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine 
must be running an SMTP server. 
""") 
parser.add_option('-d','--directory', 
type='string', action='store') 
parser.add_option('-o', '--output', 
type='string', action='store', metavar='FILE', 
help="""Print the composed message to FILE instead of 
sending the message to the SMTP server.""") 
parser.add_option('-s', '--sender', 
type='string', action='store', metavar='SENDER', 
help='The value of the From: header (required)') 
parser.add_option('-r', '--recipients', 
type='string', action='store', metavar='RECIPIENT', 
default="recipient.txt", dest='recipients', 
help='A file containing email addresses of recipients. One recipient per line') 
opts, args = parser.parse_args() 
if not opts.sender or not opts.recipients: 
    parser.print_help() 
    sys.exit(1) 
directory = opts.directory 
if not directory: 
    directory = '.' 
# Create the enclosing (outer) message 
outer = MIMEMultipart() 
outer['Subject'] = 'Malware submission' 

# Variable to hold the recipients string 
rec = "" 
# Open recipients file 
f = open(opts.recipients) 
# Loop through each line of the file 
for line in f: 
    # Remove whitespace from line and add COMMASPACE 
    rec += line.rstrip() + COMMASPACE 
f.close() 

outer['To'] = rec[:-2]; #Remove last COMMASPACE 
outer['From'] = opts.sender 
outer.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\n' 

for filename in os.listdir(directory): 
    path = os.path.join(directory, filename) 
    if not os.path.isfile(path): 
     continue 
    # Guess the content type based on the file's extension. Encoding 
    # will be ignored, although we should check for simple things like 
    # gzip'd or compressed files. 
    ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(path) 
    if ctype is None or encoding is not None: 
    # No guess could be made, or the file is encoded (compressed), so 
    # use a generic bag-of-bits type. 
     ctype = 'application/octet-stream' 
     maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1) 
    if maintype == 'text': 
     fp = open(path) 
    # Note: we should handle calculating the charset 
     msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) 
     fp.close() 
    elif maintype == 'image': 
     fp = open(path, 'rb') 
     msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) 
     fp.close() 
    elif maintype == 'audio': 
     fp = open(path, 'rb') 
     msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) 
     fp.close() 
    else: 
     fp = open(path, 'rb') 
     msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype) 
     msg.set_payload(fp.read()) 
     fp.close() 
    # Encode the payload using Base64 
    encoders.encode_base64(msg) 
# Set the filename parameter 
msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) 
outer.attach(msg) 
# Now send or store the message 
composed = outer.as_string() 
if opts.output: 
    fp = open(opts.output, 'w') 
    fp.write(composed) 
    fp.close() 
else: 
    s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') 
    s.sendmail(opts.sender, opts.recipients, composed) 
    s.quit() 

if __name__ == '__main__': 
main() 

非常感谢。

Answer 1

OK，所以我有（或者更准确的同事有）解决了这个问题。代码如下，非常感谢Paul Littlefair提供的解决方案。

#!/usr/bin/env python 

"""Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.""" 

import os 
import sys 
import smtplib 
# For guessing MIME type based on file name extension 
import mimetypes 

from optparse import OptionParser 

from email import encoders 
from email.message import Message 
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio 
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase 
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText 

COMMASPACE = ', ' 


def main(): 
parser = OptionParser(usage="""\ 
Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message. 

Usage: %prog [options] 

Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local 
SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine 
must be running an SMTP server. 
""") 
parser.add_option('-d','--directory', 
type='string', action='store') 
parser.add_option('-o', '--output', 
type='string', action='store', metavar='FILE', 
help="""Print the composed message to FILE instead of 
sending the message to the SMTP server.""") 
parser.add_option('-s', '--sender', 
type='string', action='store', metavar='SENDER', 
help='The value of the From: header (required)') 
parser.add_option('-r', '--recipient', 
type='string', action='append', metavar='RECIPIENT', 
default=[], dest='recipients'), 
parser.add_option('-f', '--recipientfile', 
type='string', action='store', metavar='RECIPIENT_FILE', 
dest='recipient_file', default="", 
help='A To: header value (a file containing this)') 

opts, args = parser.parse_args() 
if not opts.sender or not (opts.recipient_file or opts.recipients): 
    parser.print_help() 
    sys.exit(1) 
directory = opts.directory 
if not directory: 
    directory = '.' 
# Create the enclosing (outer) message 

try: 
    rec_file = open(opts.recipient_file) 
    recipients = rec_file.read() 
    rec_file.close() 
except IOError: 
    print "/!\ Bad file. Falling back to recipent option" 
    recipients = COMMASPACE.join(opts.recipients) 

outer = MIMEMultipart() 
outer['Subject'] = 'Malware submission' 
outer['To'] = recipients 
outer['From'] = opts.sender 
outer.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\n' 

for filename in os.listdir(directory): 
    path = os.path.join(directory, filename) 
    if not os.path.isfile(path): 
     continue 
    # Guess the content type based on the file's extension. Encoding 
    # will be ignored, although we should check for simple things like 
    # gzip'd or compressed files. 
    ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(path) 
    if ctype is None or encoding is not None: 
    # No guess could be made, or the file is encoded (compressed), so 
    # use a generic bag-of-bits type. 
     ctype = 'application/octet-stream' 
     maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1) 
    if maintype == 'text': 
     fp = open(path) 
    # Note: we should handle calculating the charset 
     msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) 
     fp.close() 
    elif maintype == 'image': 
     fp = open(path, 'rb') 
     msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) 
     fp.close() 
    elif maintype == 'audio': 
     fp = open(path, 'rb') 
     msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype) 
     fp.close() 
    else: 
     fp = open(path, 'rb') 
     msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype) 
     msg.set_payload(fp.read()) 
     fp.close() 
    # Encode the payload using Base64 
    encoders.encode_base64(msg) 
# Set the filename parameter 
msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename) 
outer.attach(msg) 
# Now send or store the message 
composed = outer.as_string() 
if opts.output: 
    fp = open(opts.output, 'w') 
    fp.write(composed) 
    fp.close() 
else: 
    s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost') 
    s.sendmail(opts.sender, recipients, composed) 
    s.quit() 

if __name__ == '__main__': 
main() 

输入格式为-d [目录] -s [FROMADDRESS] -f [recipientsourcefile]

Answer 2

要采购你可以试试这个收件人：

# add a new parameter 'recipientfile' 
parser.add_option('-f', '--recipientfile', 
       type='string', action='store', metavar='RECIPIENT_FILE', 
       default=None, dest='recipient_file', 
       help='A To: header value (a file containing this)') 

opts, args = parser.parse_args() 
if not opts.sender or (not opts.recipients or not opts.recipient_file): 
    parser.print_help() 
    sys.exit(1) 
directory = opts.directory 
if not directory: 
    directory = '.' 
try:      # load the text file containing recipient1, recipient2, .... 
    rec_file = open(opts.recipient_file) 
    recipients = rec_file.read() 
    rec_file.close() 
except OSError: 
    print "/!\ Bad file %s"%opts.recipient_file 
    recipients = COMMASPACE.join(opts.recipients) 
# Create the enclosing (outer) message 
outer = MIMEMultipart() 
outer['Subject'] = 'Malware submission' 
outer['To'] = recipients 
outer['From'] = opts.sender 
outer.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\n' 

Answer 3

你可能要替换这段代码：此行

# Variable to hold the recipients string 
rec = "" 
# Open recipients file 
f = open(opts.recipients) 
# Loop through each line of the file 
for line in f: 
    # Remove whitespace from line and add COMMASPACE 
    rec += line.rstrip() + COMMASPACE 
f.close() 

：

rec = ', '.join([line.strip() for line in file(opts.recipients) if line.strip()])