代码运行的控制台，但不使用RSpec

Question

我有一个描述病人（一包），它引用了目的地医院和运送救护模型：

class Packet < ActiveRecord::Base 
belongs_to :hospital 
belongs_to :provider 
validates_presence_of :hospital_id 
validates_presence_of :provider_id 
end 

class Hospital < ActiveRecord::Base 
has_many :packets 
end 

class Provider < ActiveRecord::Base 
has_many :packets 
end 

和我的RSpec规格：

require "rails_helper" 

RSpec.describe Packet, :type => :model do 
    it "creates a new packet" do 
    hospital = Hospital.create(:name=>"Community Hospital") 
    provider = Provider.create(:name=>"Community Ambulance", :unit=>"Ambulance 3") 

    packet = Packet.new() 
    packet.hospital = hospital 
    packet.provider = provider 
    packet.save 
    end 
    end 

RSpec失败： 1）数据包创建新数据包 失败/错误：packet.hospital = hospital ActiveModel :: MissingAttributeError： 无法写未知att ribute hospital_id

我没有得到的东西是我的测试的肉（“it”块中的所有东西）在rails控制台中运行良好，没有错误。为什么我会在rspec测试中获取未知属性，但不在控制台中？

完整的堆栈跟踪： Garys-的MacBook空中-2：EMSPacket加里$ rspec的 ˚F

Failures: 

1) Packet creates a new packet 
    Failure/Error: packet.hospital = hospital 
    ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: 
    can't write unknown attribute `hospital_id` 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/attribute.rb:124:in `with_value_from_database' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/attribute_set.rb:39:in `write_from_user' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/write.rb:74:in `write_attribute_with_type_cast' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/write.rb:56:in `write_attribute' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:92:in `write_attribute' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:373:in `[]=' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_association.rb:80:in `replace_keys' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_association.rb:14:in `replace' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/singular_association.rb:17:in `writer' 
# /Users/gary/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:123:in `hospital=' 
# ./spec/models/packet_spec.rb:9:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

Finished in 0.14495 seconds (files took 7.49 seconds to load) 

1例，1次失败

Failed examples: 

rspec ./spec/models/packet_spec.rb:4 # Packet creates a new packet 

Answer 1

RSpec的试图测试everystep内它阻止，这就是为什么测试失败，但控制台工作。在测试之前，您必须先创建具有属性和关系的记录，然后测试一些内容。

您为测试ID粘贴的代码实际上没有测试任何东西。

尝试测试可能真正失败的事情，比如保存错误或创建不关联。但不要重复测试中的步骤。

describe "When creating new package" do 
    let(:hospital) {Hospital.create(attributes)} 
    let(:provider) {Provider.create(attributes)} 
    let(:packet) {Packet.create(hospital_id: hospital.id, provider_id: provider.id)} 

    it "should have the associations linked" do 
    expect(package.hospital_id).to eq(hospital.id) 
    expect(package.provider_id).to eq(provider.id) 
    end 
end 

编辑：

记住运行迁移的测试数据库：

rake db:test:prepare 

Answer 2

我喜欢在我的测试使用https://github.com/thoughtbot/shoulda-matchers

这将是

describe 'associations' do 
    it { should belong_to :hospital } 
    it { should belong_to :provider } 
end 


describe 'validations' do 
    it { should validate_presence_of :hospital_id } 
    it { should validate_presence_of :provider_id } 
end 

无论如何看看https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl，它也会帮助你进行测试。

Answer 3

感谢Jorge de los Santos，问题在于我的测试数据库的设置。感谢豪尔赫！