当使用复制构造函数时，C++程序崩溃，动态内存可能是罪魁祸首？

Question

对于这个程序，我创建了一个名为Map的类，它通过存储一个名为MapItem的结构来像链接列表一样工作。我注意到当我调用复制构造函数并传入Map对象中没有MapItems时，程序不会崩溃。但是，如果我调用copy-construct并将其中带有MapItem的Map对象传入，程序将崩溃。因此，我认为问题可能在于我在下面附加的add函数，或者可能是我的析构函数，因为当我注释掉它的析构函数的时候它就起作用了。代码粘贴在下面并保持尽可能最小。谢谢。

Map.h

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 

template <class keyType, class valueType> 
struct MapItem 
{ 
    keyType key; 
    valueType value; 
    MapItem<keyType, valueType> *prev, *next; 
}; 

template <class keyType, class valueType> 
class Map 
{ 
    public: 
     Map(); // constructor for a new empty map 
     Map (const Map<keyType, valueType> & other); //constructor for a new map that is intialized with the values of other 
     ~Map(); // destructor 
     void add (const keyType &key, const valueType &value); 
      /* Adds a new association between the given key and the given value. 
      If the key already has an association, it should do nothing. 
      */ 
private: 
     /* The head and tail of the linked list you're using to store 
      all the associations. */ 
     MapItem <keyType, valueType> *head, *tail; 
     int sizeList; //size of the list 
     int position; //key-value pair we are looking at, can be from 1 - sizeList using next() and first() function 
}; 

Map.cpp

#include "Map.h" 

template <class keyType, class valueType> 
Map<keyType, valueType>::Map() 
{ 
    sizeList = 0; //set the size to 0 
    position = 1; //position is from 1 -> sizeList 
    head = NULL; //head points to NULL 
    tail = NULL; //tail points to NULL 
} 

template <class keyType, class valueType> 
Map<keyType, valueType>::Map(const Map<keyType, valueType> &other) //copy constructor 
{ 
    head = NULL; 
    tail = NULL; 
    sizeList = other.sizeList; //assign the same size (shallow copy) 
    position = other.position; //assign the same position (shallow copy) 
} 

template <class keyType, class valueType> 
Map<keyType, valueType>::~Map() 
{ 
    struct MapItem<keyType, valueType> *temp; //create temp variable to hold which item we are looking at in the list 
    temp = head; //start at the head 

    for(int i = 1; i <=sizeList; i++) 
    { 
     MapItem<keyType, valueType> *next = temp->next; 

     delete temp; //delete memory to pointed by temp 

     if(i != sizeList) //if we are not at the last node 
      temp = next; 
    } 
} 

template <class keyType, class valueType> 
void Map<keyType, valueType>::add(const keyType &key, const valueType &value) 
{ 
    struct MapItem<keyType, valueType> *newItem; //create pointer to new map item 

    if(sizeList == 0) //if linked list is empty, make newItem the HEAD 
    { 
     newItem = new MapItem<keyType, valueType>; //dynamically allocate a new item on the heap 
     newItem->key = key; //assign the key 
     newItem->value = value; //assign the value 

     sizeList++; //increment size 
     head = newItem; //set the HEAD of the list to newItem 
     tail = newItem; //set the TAIL of the list to newItem 
     newItem->prev = head; //previous item is the head (itself) 
     newItem->next = head; //next item is the head (itself) 
    } 
    else //if the linked list is not empty, add it in 
    { 
     struct MapItem<keyType, valueType> *temp = head; //store the first element in the linked list in temp variable 

     if(sizeList == 1) //if there is only one element in the list, check if they equal eachother 
     { 
      if(head->key != key) 
      { 
       newItem = new MapItem<keyType, valueType>; //dynamically allocate a new item on the heap 
       newItem->key = key; //assign the key 
       newItem->value = value; //assign the value 

       tail = newItem; //assign newItem as the TAIL     
       head->next = tail; //assign the next of HEAD to the new map item 
       head->prev = tail; //assign the previous of HEAD as the newItem (tail) 
       tail->prev = head; //assign head to PREV of newItem (tail) 
       tail->next = head; //assign HEAD to NEXT of newItem (tail) 
       sizeList++; //increment size of list 
      } 
     } 
     else 
     { 
      bool sameKey = false; //boolean value to check if the same key already exists, and if it does it will stop the loop 
      int i = 1; //which item we are looking at in the list 

      while(i <= sizeList && !sameKey) //while not past the end of the list, keep checking if a similar key exists 
      { 
       if(temp->key == key) 
        sameKey = true; 
       else 
       { 
        temp = temp->next; //go to the next map item 
        i++; 
       } 
      } 

      if(!sameKey) //if the same key has not been found 
      { 
       newItem = new MapItem<keyType, valueType>; //dynamically allocate a new item on the heap 
       newItem->key = key; //assign the key 
       newItem->value = value; //assign the value 

       tail->next = newItem; 
       newItem->prev = tail; 
       newItem->next = head; 
       tail = newItem; 
       head->prev = tail; 
       sizeList++; 
      } 
     } 
    } 
} 

TEST.CPP

#include "Map.cpp" 


int main() 
{ 
    Map<int, int> b; 
    b.add(1, 1); //if this line is commented out with the destructor intact, then the copy constructor call below works. if this line is NOT commented out with the destructor intact, the program crashes. 
    Map<int, int> a(b); 

    system("PAUSE"); 
    return 0; 
} 

Answer 1

您的析构函数信任成员变量并尝试删除那么多项。

但是，您的副本构造函数会使它们与数据量不一致，因为它从不复制任何实际数据。

template <class keyType, class valueType> 
Map<keyType, valueType>::Map(const Map<keyType, valueType> &other) //copy constructor 
{ 
    head = NULL; // now there are zero items in the list 
    tail = NULL; 
    sizeList = other.sizeList; // this is a lie, really there are zero items 
    position = other.position; 
} 

当你拷贝一个空的列表，你sizeList组被意外正确的值，所以没有什么失败。

Answer 2

a有head == NULL，所以当在析构函数你做

temp = head; //start at the head 
... 
MapItem<keyType, valueType> *next = temp->next; 

您正在访问空指针。