我想用MinGW在Windows上构建一个基本的FANN(快速人工神经网络)项目。但是,每当我尝试链接可执行文件时,我都会遇到一堆错误,包括undefined reference to
错误。有趣的是,如果我根本不链接图书馆,我会得到更多的错误,这意味着至少有一些图书馆正在工作。对于我试图编译和链接文件中的代码是:使用FANN链接错误
#include "doublefann.h"
int main() {
const unsigned int num_input_neurons = 9;
const unsigned int num_output_neurons = 1;
const unsigned int num_layers = 3;
const unsigned int num_hidden_neurons = 9;
const float desired_error = (const float) 0;
const unsigned int max_epochs = 500000;
const unsigned int epochs_between_reports = 1000;
struct fann *ann = fann_create_standard(num_layers,
num_input_neurons,
num_hidden_neurons,
num_output_neurons);
fann_set_activation_function_hidden(ann, FANN_SIGMOID_SYMMETRIC);
fann_set_activation_function_output(ann, FANN_SIGMOID_SYMMETRIC);
fann_train_on_file(ann,
"titanic-training.data",
max_epochs,
epochs_between_reports,
desired_error);
fann_save(ann, "titanic.net");
fann_destroy(ann);
return 0;
}
和我使用的编译和链接命令是:
gcc -Wall -Ifann\src\include titanic-train.c -Lfann\bin -lfanndouble -o titanic-train.exe
我恢复的错误是:
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0x7f): undefined reference to `fann_set_activation_function_hidden'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `fann_set_activation_function_output'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0xbf): undefined reference to `fann_train_on_file'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0xd3): undefined reference to `fann_save'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0xdf): undefined reference to `fann_destroy'
c:/fragileprograms/mingw-native/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o: bad reloc address 0x64 in section `.rdata'
c:/fragileprograms/mingw-native/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: final link failed: Invalid operation
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
如果我没有在所有的库链接,而不是我得到:
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccyOO3jL.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0x67): undefined reference to `fann_create_standard'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0x7f): undefined reference to `fann_set_activation_function_hidden'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `fann_set_activation_function_output'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0xbf): undefined reference to `fann_train_on_file'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0xd3): undefined reference to `fann_save'
C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o:titanic-train.c:(.text+0xdf): undefined reference to `fann_destroy'
c:/fragileprograms/mingw-native/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\kunkelwe\AppData\Local\Temp\ccsWQg66.o: bad reloc address 0x64 in section `.rdata'
c:/fragileprograms/mingw-native/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: final link failed: Invalid operation
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
编辑:
按Haroogan的要求,我跑了nm fanndouble.lib
。输出是相当广泛的,所以,而不是粘贴在这里,我已经通过pastebin在这里:http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=vybFhEcX
我不熟悉nm
,但它似乎缺少的符号确实存在于文件中。
编辑#2:
doublefann.h的内容是:http://pastebin.com/mrHKJi8C
和fann.h,它包括的内容是:http://pastebin.com/gTrHCYAg
请问问题仅仅是通过使用MinGW重新编译库来解决?
编辑#3:
进行更改是Haroogan提示工作!除了这些变化,我不得不通过增加修改FANN的文件的CMakeLists.txt:
if (WIN32)
ADD_DEFINITIONS(-DFANN_DLL_EXPORTS)
endif (WIN32)
然后,在项目的根目录运行cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles"
然后mingw32-make
制作的文件,libdoublefann.dll,当链接并包含在.exe目录中,允许我,终于,运行我的程序。
运行'nm libfanndouble。a',并查看缺失的符号是否实际上在库中定义。完成后用结果更新您的问题,以便我们可以考虑下一步该做什么。 –
@Haroogan:完成。这是fanndouble.lib,顺便说一下,不是libfanndouble.a –
这是** [name mangling](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_mangling)**的经典问题,这在编译器中是不同的。显然,'fanndouble.lib'和'fanndouble.dll'都是由MSVC编译器生成的,因此现在由于不同的名称约束约定而无法直接与MinGW链接。但别担心,我们会解决它。首先,让我们看看你的'floatfann.h'。 –