Android冲突与依赖appcompat

Question

我想添加espresso-contrib库到我的项目。这里是我的build.gradle文件：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application' 

android { 
    compileSdkVersion 23 
    buildToolsVersion "23.0.2" 

    defaultConfig { 
     applicationId "example.com.littlebox_hari" 
     minSdkVersion 19 
     targetSdkVersion 23 
     versionCode 1 
     versionName "1.0" 
     testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" 
    } 
    buildTypes { 
     release { 
      minifyEnabled false 
      proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' 
     } 
    } 
    /*configurations.all { 
     resolutionStrategy { 
      force 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0' 
     } 
    }*/ 
} 


dependencies { 
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) 
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' 
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0' 
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.0' 
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.2' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2.2' 
    compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.4.0' 
    testCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.4.0' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.4.0' 
} 

我得到这个错误：

Error:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7'. Resolved versions for app (23.4.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details. 

如果我取消我的build.gradle文件中的行，我得到：

Error:(72) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Display1'. 
Error:(75) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'. 
Error:(79) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'. 
Error:(76) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'. 
Error:(82) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'. 
Error:(89) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Button'. 
D:\Littlebox-Hari\app\build\intermediates\exploded-aar\com.android.support\design\23.1.1\res\values\values.xml 
Error:(97, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'textAllCaps'. 
Error:(102, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'. 
Error:(113, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'backgroundTint'. 
Error:(113, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'. 
Error:(122, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'. 
Error:(131, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'. 

编辑：我将以下行添加到了我的build.gradle文件中：

testCompile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0' 
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0' 

我仍然得到相同的错误。

Answer 1

我今天也遇到过这个问题。

首先，将依赖项更新为最新版本（0.5和2.2.2）。

请参见：https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/downloads/

// Android JUnit Runner 
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5' 

// JUnit4 Rules 
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5' 

// Espresso core 
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2' 

// Espresso-contrib for DatePicker, RecyclerView, Drawer actions, Accessibility checks, CountingIdlingResource 
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2' 

// Espresso-web for WebView support 
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2.2' 

// Espresso-idling-resource for synchronization with background jobs 
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2.2' 

然后，你会面临着同样的错误，因为最新的版本是不是还采用了最新版本的支持库，截至目前（23.4.0）。有一个在bug跟踪系统已经打开的问题：https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=211490

这为我工作：

dependencies { 
    ext { 
     supportLibVersion = '23.4.0' 
     espressoVersion = '2.2.2' 
    } 
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) 
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5' 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile ("com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$espressoVersion") { 
     exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7' 
     exclude module: 'design' 
    } 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:$espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:$espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:design:$supportLibVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$supportLibVersion" 
} 

编辑： 根据这个代码路径guide，好像这是正确的方式：

ext { 
    supportLibVersion = '24.1.1' 
    espressoVersion = '2.2.2' 
    junitVersion = '4.12' 
    mockitoVersion = '1.10.19' 
    hamcrestVersion = '1.3' 
    powerMockitoVersion = '1.6.5' 
} 

dependencies { 
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) 
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:design:$supportLibVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$supportLibVersion" 

    // Testing dependencies 
    testCompile "junit:junit:$junitVersion" 
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-all:$mockitoVersion" 
    testCompile "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:$hamcrestVersion" 
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:$powerMockitoVersion" 
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:$powerMockitoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5' 
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5' 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:$espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:$espressoVersion" 
} 

configurations.all { 
    resolutionStrategy.force "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibVersion" 
} 

configurations.compile.dependencies.each { compileDependency -> 
    println "Excluding compile dependency: ${compileDependency.getName()}" 
    configurations.androidTestCompile.dependencies.each { androidTestCompileDependency -> 
    configurations.androidTestCompile.exclude module: "${compileDependency.getName()}" 
} 

Answer 2

这两个配置为我工作后，吨与其他build.gradle文件（阅读太多的安卓书籍gradle设置有因为坦率地说Gradle和它的构建系统很糟糕（完全不如CMake/Rake/Scons/Make），所以我们改变了，与来自countles swebsites的黑客Gradle文件合并，并与Gradle文件合并，这些Gradle文件仍然是过时的谷歌自己推荐的gradle文件。

/*主* buid.gradle/

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules. 

buildscript { 
    repositories { 
     jcenter() 
    } 
    dependencies { 
     classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.1.2' 

     // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong 
     // in the individual module build.gradle files 
    } 
} 

plugins { 
    id 'java' 
    id "com.github.tkruse.groovysh" version "1.0.8" // optional 
} 


allprojects { 
    repositories { 
     jcenter() 
    } 
} 

task clean(type: Delete) { 
    delete rootProject.buildDir 
} 

// Define versions in a single place 
ext { 
    // Sdk and tools 
    minSdkVersion = 10 
    targetSdkVersion = 22 
    compileSdkVersion = 23 
    buildToolsVersion = '23.0.3' 

    // App dependencies 
    supportLibraryVersion = '23.4.0' 
    guavaVersion = '18.0' 
    glideVersion = '3.6.1' 
    junitVersion = '4.12' 
    mockitoVersion = '1.10.19' 
    powerMockito = '1.6.2' 
    hamcrestVersion = '1.3' 
    runnerVersion = '0.5' 
    rulesVersion = '0.5' 
    espressoVersion = '2.2.2' 
} 

和

应用/的build.gradle

apply plugin: 'com.android.application' 

android { 
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion 
    buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion 

    defaultConfig { 
     applicationId "com.example.android.testing.notes" 
     minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdkVersion 
     targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion 
     versionCode 1 
     versionName "1.0" 

     testInstrumentationRunner 'android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner' 
    } 
    buildTypes { 
     debug { 
      // Run code coverage reports by default on debug builds. 
      testCoverageEnabled = true 
     } 
    } 

    // If you need to add more flavors, consider using flavor dimensions. 
    productFlavors { 
     mock { 
      applicationIdSuffix = ".mock" 
     } 
     prod { 

     } 
    } 

    // Remove mockRelease as it's not needed. 
    android.variantFilter { variant -> 
     if(variant.buildType.name.equals('release') 
       && variant.getFlavors().get(0).name.equals('mock')) { 
      variant.setIgnore(true); 
     } 
    } 

    // Always show the result of every unit test, even if it passes. 
    testOptions.unitTests.all { 
     testLogging { 
      events 'passed', 'skipped', 'failed', 'standardOut', 'standardError' 
     } 
    } 

} 

/* 
Dependency versions are defined in the top level build.gradle file. This helps keeping track of 
all versions in a single place. This improves readability and helps managing project complexity. 
*/ 
dependencies { 
    // App's dependencies, including test 
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:cardview-v7:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:design:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support:support-v4:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion" 
    compile "com.google.guava:guava:$rootProject.guavaVersion" 
    compile "com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:$rootProject.glideVersion" 
    compile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion" 

    // Dependencies for local unit tests 
    testCompile "junit:junit:$rootProject.ext.junitVersion" 
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-all:$rootProject.ext.mockitoVersion" 
    testCompile "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:$rootProject.ext.hamcrestVersion" 
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:$rootProject.ext.powerMockito" 
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:$rootProject.ext.powerMockito" 

    // Android Testing Support Library's runner and rules 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:runner:$rootProject.ext.runnerVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:rules:$rootProject.ext.rulesVersion" 

    // Espresso UI Testing dependencies. 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion" 
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion" 
} 

/* 
Resolves dependency versions across test and production APKs, specifically, transitive 
dependencies. This is required since Espresso internally has a dependency on support-annotations. 
*/ 
configurations.all { 
    resolutionStrategy.force "com.android.support:support-annotations:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion" 
} 

/* 
All direct/transitive dependencies shared between your test and production APKs need to be 
excluded from the test APK! This is necessary because both APKs will contain the same classes. Not 
excluding these dependencies from your test configuration will result in an dex pre-verifier error 
at runtime. More info in this tools bug: (https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=192497) 
*/ 
configurations.compile.dependencies.each { compileDependency -> 
    println "Excluding compile dependency: ${compileDependency.getName()}" 
    configurations.androidTestCompile.dependencies.each { androidTestCompileDependency -> 
     configurations.androidTestCompile.exclude module: "${compileDependency.getName()}" 
    } 
}