在Mac OS X（rpath问题）中链接动态库（libjvm.dylib）

Question

我确实有一个应用程序需要与libjvm（需要执行JNI绑定的JDK库）链接。当我使用-L告诉libjvm.dylib的位置时，它成功编译和链接。然而，当我运行的二进制我得到：

dyld: Library not loaded: @rpath/libjvm.dylib 
    Referenced from: <my home directory>/./mybinary 
    Reason: image not found 

到目前为止，我发现我可以运行我的二进制指定LD_LIBRARY_PATH像这样：

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to libfolder installation> ./mybinary 

但我当然不希望这样。为什么我应该指定确切的位置？如果我每次开始应用程序时必须一次又一次地提供它！

我还了解到，在mac os x上的动态库确实会得到一种告诉那里位置的邮票。但是我不知道rpath是什么（对我来说好像是一个变量，但是我怎样才能在连接过程中设置它？）。

该应用程序使用haskell构建，但我同样可以使用ld手动链接目标文件。然而，我被困在那个rpath的东西 - 这可能是特殊的JDK库？

这是我为了打造这样做：

ghc --make Main.hs mycbinding.o -ljvm -L<javahome>/jre/lib/server -o mybinary 

Answer 1

从苹果公司的dyld man page：

@是rpath/

Dyld maintains a current stack of paths called the run path list. 
    When @rpath is encountered it is substituted with each path in the 
    run path list until a loadable dylib if found. The run path stack 
    is built from the LC_RPATH load commands in the depencency chain 
    that lead to the current dylib load. You can add an LC_RPATH load 
    command to an image with the -rpath option to ld(1). You can even add 
    a LC_RPATH load command path that starts with @loader_path/, and it 
    will push a path on the run path stack that relative to the image 
    containing the LC_RPATH. The use of @rpath is most useful when you 
    have a complex directory structure of programs and dylibs which can be 
    installed anywhere, but keep their relative positions. This scenario 
    could be implemented using @loader_path, but every client of a dylib 
    could need a different load path because its relative position in the 
    file system is different. The use of @rpath introduces a level of 
    indirection that simplies things. You pick a location in your directory 
    structure as an anchor point. Each dylib then gets an install path that 
    starts with @rpath and is the path to the dylib relative to the anchor 
    point. Each main executable is linked with -rpath @loader_path/zzz, 
    where zzz is the path from the executable to the anchor point. At runtime 
    dyld sets it run path to be the anchor point, then each dylib is found 
    relative to the anchor point. 

你需要传递-rpath path/containing/the/library到ld当链接你的二进制文件告诉它在哪里在扩展共享库加载命令中的@rpath/前缀时使用arch。使用GHC，您可以使用-optl-Wl参数使其通过标记到ld，因此您需要像这样调用GHC：

ghc --make Main.hs mycbinding.o -ljvm -L<javahome>/jre/lib/server -optl-Wl,-rpath,<javahome>/jre/lib/server -o mybinary