乌龟窗口出现空白

-1

这是我的代码。它在Python 3.5.2中，并使用tkinter和turtle。乌龟窗口出现空白

当按下按钮显示物品的位置时，乌龟窗口是空白的。如果我将所有关于乌龟的代码移到tkinter窗口调用mainloop之后，乌龟窗口在tkinter窗口关闭并且工作正常后打开。

如何修复我的代码，以便在按下按钮时显示。

import csv 
import collections 
from tkinter import * 

def direction(n): 
    import turtle 
    wn = turtle.Screen() #sets up window 
    turtle.bgpic("WilleysMap.gif") #loads picture of map 
    m = turtle.Turtle() #creates arrow 
    m.speed(100) #sets the speed 
    m.penup() #lifts pen so no marks are made 
    m.forward(160) 
    m.right(90) 
    m.forward(80) 
    m.speed(1) #reduces speed so path can be seen 
    if n == 1:#------------------------------------------------------------------NU 1 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(300) 
     m.left(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     wn.mainloop()  
    elif n == 2: #---------------------------------------------------------------NU 2 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(235) 
     m.left(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     wn.mainloop()  
    elif n == 3: #---------------------------------------------------------------NU 3 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.left(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     wn.mainloop() 
    elif n == 4: #---------------------------------------------------------------NU 4 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(300) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     wn.mainloop() 
    elif n == 5: #---------------------------------------------------------------NU 5 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(200) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     wn.mainloop()  
    elif n == 6: #---------------------------------------------------------------NU DECK 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(60) 
     m.left(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     wn.mainloop() 
    elif n == 7: #---------------------------------------------------------------PARKING LOT 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.left(90) 
     m.forward(50) 
     m.left(45) 
     m.forward(140) 
     m.left(45) 
     m.forward(100) 
     m.left(45) 
     m.forward(180) 
     wn.mainloop() 
    elif n == 8: #---------------------------------------------------------------HUT AREA 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(40) 
     wn.mainloop() 
    elif n == 9: #---------------------------------------------------------------SIDE STRUCTURE 1 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(20) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(180) 
     m.left(90) 
     m.forward(30) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(80) 
     wn.mainloop() 
    else: #----------------------------------------------------------------------SIDE STRUCTURE 2 
     m.pencolor("red") 
     m.pensize(15) 
     m.pendown() 
     m.forward(80) 
     m.right(90) 
     m.forward(60) 
     wn.mainloop() 


with open('code.csv') as f: #loads itemDict from the code.csv file 
    reader1 = csv.reader(f) 
    itemDict = dict(reader1) 

with open('loc.csv') as f: #loads itemLoc from the loc.csv file 
    reader2 = csv.reader(f) 
    itemLoc = dict(reader2) 
itemLoc['Emerald Green Arborvitae'] = itemLoc.pop('ï»¿Emerald Green Arborvitae') #corrects error in translation 

global find 
def evaluate(event): 
    if entry.get() in itemDict: 
     res.configure(text = "UPC: " + str(entry.get()) + "\n The " + itemDict[entry.get()] + " can be found at: " + itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]], font = "Verdana 15 bold") 
    else: 
     res.configure(text = "UPC: " + str(entry.get()) + "\n The UPC you entered is not listed", font = "Verdana 15 bold") 

def show(): 
    if itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'NU 1': 
     direction(1) 
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'NU 2': 
     direction(2) 
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'NU 3': 
     direction(3)  
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'NU 4': 
     direction(4) 
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'NU 5': 
     direction(5) 
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'NU DECK': 
     direction(6)  
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'PARKING LOT': 
     direction(7)  
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'HUT AREA': 
     direction(8) 
    elif itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]] == 'SIDE STRUCTURE 1': 
     direction(9)  
    else: 
     direction(10) 

w = Tk() 

w.geometry("650x700") 


Label(w, text="Type UPC into entry bar. To see a visual representation of the items location, press the 'Show' button.", font = "Verdana 10").pack(anchor=W) 
Label(w, text="").pack() 

Label(w, text="Please enter UPC of item", font = "Verdana 10").pack() 
Label(w, text="you would like to locate", font = "Verdana 10").pack() 
Label(w, text="and press 'Enter'", font = "Verdana 10").pack() 
entry = Entry(w) 
entry.focus_set() 

entry.bind("<Return>", evaluate) 
entry.pack() 

Label(w, text="").pack() 

Button(w, text ="Show", command=show).pack() 

Label(w, text="").pack() 

res = Label(w) 
res.pack() 

Label(w, text="Scroll down to see all listed UPCs", font = "Verdana 10").pack() 

scrollbar = Scrollbar(w) 
scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y) 
T = Text(w, height=15, width=75, bg = 'blue', fg = 'white') 
T.pack() 
quote = '' 
with open('code.csv', newline='') as f: 
    reader = csv.reader(f) 
    for row in reader: 
     quote += ("" + row[0] + ' '*(13-len(row[0])) + row[1] + '\n') 
T.insert(END, quote) 
scrollbar.config(command=T.yview) 

w.mainloop()

编辑问题就出在线路

turtle.bgpic("WilleysMap.gif")

如果我把＃在它的前面，代码工作正常，乌龟图形只画在白色屏幕而不是地图。有谁知道如何解决这个错误？

顺便说一下，数据im加载只是一个两个coloured CSV文件。看起来像： Arborvitate，ARB1 金柳，GW34 等等

编辑以下是错误我得到

Exception in Tkinter callback 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "C:\Users\lucas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1550, in __call__ 
    return self.func(*args) 
    File "x-wingide-python-shell://86210440/2", line 173, in show 
    File "x-wingide-python-shell://86210440/2", line 29, in direction 
    File "<string>", line 8, in bgpic 
    File "C:\Users\lucas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\turtle.py", line 1482, in bgpic 
    self._setbgpic(self._bgpic, self._bgpics[picname]) 
    File "C:\Users\lucas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\turtle.py", line 738, in _setbgpic 
    self.cv.itemconfig(item, image=image) 
    File "<string>", line 1, in itemconfig 
    File "C:\Users\lucas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2418, in itemconfigure 
    return self._configure(('itemconfigure', tagOrId), cnf, kw) 
    File "C:\Users\lucas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1321, in _configure 
    self.tk.call(_flatten((self._w, cmd)) + self._options(cnf)) 
_tkinter.TclError: image "pyimage2" doesn't exist

来源

2016-12-25 L. Z

如果你在问题补充完整的错误消息，它可以更容易 - 不要求运行的代码。我们无法运行您的代码，因为它需要一些CSV文件和GIF图像。下一次创建一个具有相同问题的小型工作示例 - 然后可能有人会运行它。 – furas

不要在函数之间放置代码 - 很难找到某些东西。 – furas

最后，我运行代码。

您有错误：

Exception in Tkinter callback 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1540, in __call__ 
    return self.func(*args) 
    File "<pyshell#6>", line 141, in show 
    direction(1) 
    File "<pyshell#6>", line 27, in direction 
    wn.mainloop() 
AttributeError: '_Screen' object has no attribute 'mainloop'

你尝试做wn.mainloop()但wn没有办法mainloop()但turtle有 - 所以你需要turtle.mainloop()

BTW：你可以使代码更短，并把一个turtle.mainloop()以下全部if/elif/else

但是turtle在后台使用tkinter显示窗口，tkinter应该只运行一个mainloop()你已经有了w.mainloop()所以你不需要turtle.mainloop()

BTW：global find不创建全局变量。外功能创建的所有变量都是全局的 - 所以你只需要

find = some_variable

global用于内部函数来通知功能，而不是使用本地创建一个外部变量。

编辑：例如具有修饰。

因为我没有你的数据，所以我只创建一个名称为“example”的地方。我不得不使用RawTurtle与tk.Canvas和tk.Toplevel有更好的控制窗口龟。但是你可以直接在主窗口中使用canvas（没有`tk.Toplevel'）并且只有一个窗口。

我使用pack(pady=20)在标签之间留出空间。

我用文字来描述曲目。

'NU 1': 'f20 r90 f180 r90 f300 l90 f80',

代码：

import tkinter as tk 
from tkinter import messagebox 
import turtle 

def draw_track(track): 
    win = tk.Toplevel() 
    canvas = tk.Canvas(win, width=500, height=500) 
    canvas.pack() 
    m = turtle.RawTurtle(canvas) 

    # move to start 
    m.speed(100) 
    m.penup() 
    m.forward(160) 
    m.right(90) 
    m.forward(80) 
    m.speed(1) 

    # draw 
    m.pencolor("red") 
    m.pensize(15) 
    m.pendown() 

    # split text into command 
    track = track.split() 

    # execute commands 
    for element in track: 
     cmd = element[0] 
     number = int(element[1:]) 
     if cmd == 'f': 
      m.forward(number) 
     elif cmd == 'r': 
      m.right(number) 
     elif cmd == 'l': 
      m.left(number) 

def evaluate(event): 
    if entry.get() in itemDict:   
     text="UPC: {}\nThe {} can be found at: {}".format(entry.get(), itemDict[entry.get()], itemLoc[itemDict[entry.get()]]) 
    else: 
     text="UPC: {}\nThe UPC you entered is not listed".format(entry.get()) 
    res.configure(text=text, font="Verdana 15 bold") 

def show(): 
    text = entry.get().strip() 
    if text in item_dict: 
     track = data[item_loc[item_dict[text]]] 
     draw_track(track) 
    else: 
     messagebox.showwarning("Warning", "No '{}' in dictionary".format(text)) 

# --- main --- 

# - data - 

item_dict = {'example': 1} 
item_loc = {1: 'NU 1'} 

data = { 
    'NU 1': 'f20 r90 f180 r90 f300 l90 f80', 
    'NU 2': 'f20 r90 f180 r90 f235 l90 f80', 
    'NU 3': 'f20 r90 f180 r90 f180 l90 f80', 
    'NU 4': 'f20 r90 f180 r90 f300 r90 f80', 
    'NU 5': 'f20 r90 f180 r90 f200 r90 f80', 
    'NU DECK': 'f20 r90 f180 r90 f60 l90 f80', 
    'PARKING LOT': 'f20 l90 f50 l45 f140 l45 f100 l45 f180', 
    'HUT AREA': 'f20 r90 f80 r90 f40', 
    'SIDE STRUCTURE 1': 'f20 r90 f180 l90 f30 r90 f80', 
    'SIDE STRUCTURE 2': 'f80 r90 f60', 
} 

# - gui - 

root = tk.Tk() 

font = "Verdana 10" 

l = tk.Label(root, text="Type UPC into entry bar.\nTo see a visual representation of the items location, press the 'Show' button.", font=font) 
l.pack() 

l = tk.Label(root, text="Please enter UPC of item\nyou would like to locate\nand press 'Enter'", font=font) 
l.pack(pady=20) 

entry = tk.Entry(root) 
entry.pack() 

entry.bind("<Return>", evaluate) 
entry.focus_set() 

b = tk.Button(root, text="Show", command=show) 
b.pack(pady=20) 

root.mainloop()

来源

2016-12-26 00:44:24 furas

这是非常好的信息，谢谢。乌龟图形仍然不会工作，大声笑 –

乌龟窗口出现空白

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