2009-10-23 33 views
3

考虑下面的复合物聚集索引:当使用复合聚集索引时,SQL Server会跳转吗?

CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX ix_mytable ON mytable(a, b) 

显然,在b一个单独的索引将搜索的b快一个特定的值。

然而,如果上b一个单独的索引是使用,似乎对我来说,综合指数仍然可以用来找到元组与b代替表扫描的特定值,由遍历一个离散值的树,做b本地搜索,跳转到一个下一个值,等

这是SQL Server如何工作的? (例如,如果MSSQL对多列索引使用单个散列值,则不会这样。)

它是,并且由于其他原因已经需要组合索引,并且离散值的数量为一个是足够小,性能/空间的权衡可能摆脱对b具有单独的索引。

(唯一的和集群的约束上面是不是真的需要这个例子,但他们代表的b最快的检索不涉及对b --the前者提供了一个快捷方式的单独的索引每个循环的a,后者在查找中删除一个间接程度)。

回答

6

不,没有跳过'a'的集群。只有在指定最左边的列时才能使用索引,否则需要使用完整扫描。

Oracle拥有所谓的'Index Skip Scan'运算符。

+0

“索引跳过扫描”正是我所设想的那种方法。有点失望,MSSQL不能做到这一点,因为它往往是一个比ORB更友好的RDBMS。 – richardtallent 2009-10-24 12:14:09

+1

以下是相应的Microsoft Connect项目:https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/695044/implement-index-skip-scan请为此投票。 – usr 2011-10-15 14:29:20

+0

@usr - 只要阅读你的连接项,然后把你的链接回到堆栈溢出。使用递归CTE可以做一个穷人的版本。 [示例语法在这里](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7753319/sql-server-pick-random-or-first-value-with-aggregation/7753492#7753492) – 2011-10-15 20:42:52

0
USE AdventureWorks2008R2; 
-- Source: http://msftdbprodsamples.codeplex.com/releases/view/59211 
GO 

SET NOCOUNT ON; 
GO 

CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal 
ON [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader] ([OrderDate]) 
INCLUDE (ShipDate,SubTotal) 
-- WITH(DROP_EXISTING=ON); 
GO 

-- Test 1 
SET STATISTICS IO ON; 
SELECT COUNT(*) 
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader h -- Index Seek on IX_SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal 
WHERE h.OrderDate BETWEEN '2008-07-01T00:00:00.000' AND '2008-07-15T23:59:59.997'; 
SET STATISTICS IO OFF; 
GO 
-- End of Test 1 
-- Results: 
-- Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 1, logical reads 5, physical reads 0 

DROP INDEX IX_SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal 
ON [Sales].[SalesOrderHeader] 
GO 
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_SalesOrderHeader_ShipMethodID_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal] 
ON Sales.SalesOrderHeader 
(
    ShipMethodID ASC, 
    OrderDate ASC 
) 
INCLUDE (ShipDate,SubTotal); 
GO 

-- Test 2 
SET STATISTICS IO ON; 
SELECT COUNT(*) 
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader h -- Index Scan on IX_SalesOrderHeader_ShipMethodID_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal 
WHERE h.OrderDate BETWEEN '2008-07-01T00:00:00.000' AND '2008-07-15T23:59:59.997'; 
SET STATISTICS IO OFF; 
GO 
-- End of Test 2 
-- Results: 
-- Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 1, logical reads 150, physical reads 0 

-- Test 3 
SET STATISTICS IO ON; 
SELECT COUNT(*) 
FROM Purchasing.ShipMethod sm 
INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader h ON h.ShipMethodID=sm.ShipMethodID -- FK elimination + Index Scan on IX_SalesOrderHeader_ShipMethodID_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal 
WHERE h.OrderDate BETWEEN '2008-07-01T00:00:00.000' AND '2008-07-15T23:59:59.997'; 
SET STATISTICS IO OFF; 
GO 
-- End of Test 3 
-- Results: 
-- Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 1, logical reads 150, physical reads 0 

-- Test 4 
SET STATISTICS IO ON; 
SELECT MIN(sm.ShipMethodID) AS DummnyCol, -- To prevent FK elimination 
     COUNT(*) 
FROM Purchasing.ShipMethod sm 
INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader h ON h.ShipMethodID=sm.ShipMethodID -- Index Seek on IX_SalesOrderHeader_ShipMethodID_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal 
WHERE h.OrderDate BETWEEN '2008-07-01T00:00:00.000' AND '2008-07-15T23:59:59.997'; 
SET STATISTICS IO OFF; 
GO 
-- End of Test 4 
-- Results: 
-- Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 5, logical reads 13, physical reads 0 
-- Table 'ShipMethod'. Scan count 1, logical reads 2, physical reads 0 

DROP INDEX [IX_SalesOrderHeader_ShipMethodID_OrderDate_#_ShipDate_SubTotal] 
ON Sales.SalesOrderHeader; 
GO 
SET NOCOUNT OFF; 
GO