生成文件中删除我的.cpp文件

Question

这是我在make文件，这是加入“*的.cpp”的行更改的唯一行：

SRC = $(wildcard *.c *.cpp) 

，这是生成文件的清理目标：

# Target: clean project. 
clean: begin clean_list end 

clean_list : 
@echo 
@echo $(MSG_CLEANING) 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).hex 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).eep 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).cof 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).map 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).sym 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).lss 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJ) 
$(REMOVE) $(LST) 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(SRC:.c=.s) 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(SRC:.c=.d) 
$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/.dep/* 

而当我运行生成文件时，它会删除我所有的.cpp文件。我做错了什么？

在此先感谢。 乔

这里是OBJ和LST的定义：

# Define all object files. 
OBJ = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(SRC:.c=.o)) $(addprefix   $(OBJDIR)/,$(ASRC:.S=.o)) 

# Define all listing files. 
LST = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(SRC:.c=.lst)) $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(ASRC:.S=.lst)) 

这是完整的make文件：

# Hey Emacs, this is a -*- makefile -*- 
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# WinAVR Makefile Template written by Eric B. Weddington, Jörg Wunsch, et al. 
# 
# Released to the Public Domain 
# 
# Additional material for this makefile was written by: 
# Peter Fleury 
# Tim Henigan 
# Colin O'Flynn 
# Reiner Patommel 
# Markus Pfaff 
# Sander Pool 
# Frederik Rouleau 
# 
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# On command line: 
# 
# make all = Make software. 
# 
# make clean = Clean out built project files. 
# 
# make coff = Convert ELF to AVR COFF. 
# 
# make extcoff = Convert ELF to AVR Extended COFF. 
# 
# make program = Download the hex file to the device, using avrdude. 
#    Please customize the avrdude settings below first! 
# 
# make debug = Start either simulavr or avarice as specified for debugging, 
#    with avr-gdb or avr-insight as the front end for debugging. 
# 
# make filename.s = Just compile filename.c into the assembler code only. 
# 
# make filename.i = Create a preprocessed source file for use in submitting 
#     bug reports to the GCC project. 
# 
# To rebuild project do "make clean" then "make all". 
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

#include conf.mk 
# MCU name 
MCU = atmega328p 


# Processor frequency. 
#  This will define a symbol, F_CPU, in all source code files equal to the 
#  processor frequency. You can then use this symbol in your source code to 
#  calculate timings. Do NOT tack on a 'UL' at the end, this will be done 
#  automatically to create a 32-bit value in your source code. 
F_CPU = 8000000 

AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = stk500v1 

# com1 = serial port. Use lpt1 to connect to parallel port. 
AVRDUDE_PORT = /dev/cu.wchusbserial1420 # programmer connected to serial device 

# Output format. (can be srec, ihex, binary) 
FORMAT = ihex 


# Target file name (without extension). 
TARGET = main 


# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.) 

SRC = $(wildcard *.c *.cpp) 

OBJDIR = Builds 
# List Assembler source files here. 
#  Make them always end in a capital .S. Files ending in a lowercase .s 
#  will not be considered source files but generated files (assembler 
#  output from the compiler), and will be deleted upon "make clean"! 
#  Even though the DOS/Win* filesystem matches both .s and .S the same, 
#  it will preserve the spelling of the filenames, and gcc itself does 
#  care about how the name is spelled on its command-line. 
ASRC = 


# Optimization level, can be [0, 1, 2, 3, s]. 
#  0 = turn off optimization. s = optimize for size. 
#  (Note: 3 is not always the best optimization level. See avr-libc FAQ.) 
OPT = s 


# Debugging format. 
#  Native formats for AVR-GCC's -g are dwarf-2 [default] or stabs. 
#  AVR Studio 4.10 requires dwarf-2. 
#  AVR [Extended] COFF format requires stabs, plus an avr-objcopy run. 
DEBUG = stabs 


# List any extra directories to look for include files here. 
#  Each directory must be seperated by a space. 
#  Use forward slashes for directory separators. 
#  For a directory that has spaces, enclose it in quotes. 
EXTRAINCDIRS = 


# Compiler flag to set the C Standard level. 
#  c89 = "ANSI" C 
#  gnu89 = c89 plus GCC extensions 
#  c99 = ISO C99 standard (not yet fully implemented) 
#  gnu99 = c99 plus GCC extensions 
CSTANDARD = -std=c++11 


# Place -D or -U options here 
CDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL 


# Place -I options here 
CINCS = 



#---------------- Compiler Options ---------------- 
# -g*:   generate debugging information 
# -O*:   optimization level 
# -f...:  tuning, see GCC manual and avr-libc documentation 
# -Wall...:  warning level 
# -Wa,...:  tell GCC to pass this to the assembler. 
# -adhlns...: create assembler listing 
CFLAGS = -g$(DEBUG) 
CFLAGS += $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) 
CFLAGS += -O$(OPT) 
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums 
CFLAGS += -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes 
CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhlns=$(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(<:.c=.lst)) 
CFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS)) 
CFLAGS += $(CSTANDARD) 
CFLAGS += -gstabs 
CFLAGS += -gstrict-dwarf 

#---------------- Assembler Options ---------------- 
# -Wa,...: tell GCC to pass this to the assembler. 
# -ahlms: create listing 
# -gstabs: have the assembler create line number information; note that 
#    for use in COFF files, additional information about filenames 
#    and function names needs to be present in the assembler source 
#    files -- see avr-libc docs [FIXME: not yet described there] 
# -listing-cont-lines: Sets the maximum number of continuation lines of hex 
#  dump that will be displayed for a given single line of source input. 
ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(<:.S=.lst)),-gstabs,--listing-cont-lines=100 


#---------------- Library Options ---------------- 
# Minimalistic printf version 
PRINTF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min 

# Floating point printf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below) 
PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt 

# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard printf version. 
PRINTF_LIB = 
#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_MIN) 
#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT) 


# Minimalistic scanf version 
SCANF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_min 

# Floating point + %[ scanf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below) 
SCANF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_flt 

# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard scanf version. 
SCANF_LIB = 
#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_MIN) 
#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_FLOAT) 


MATH_LIB = -lm 



#---------------- External Memory Options ---------------- 

# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!), 
# used for variables (.data/.bss) and heap (malloc()). 
#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,--section-start,.data=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff 

# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!), 
# only used for heap (malloc()). 
#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,--defsym=__heap_start=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff 

EXTMEMOPTS = 



#---------------- Linker Options ---------------- 
# -Wl,...:  tell GCC to pass this to linker. 
# -Map:  create map file 
# --cref: add cross reference to map file 
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).map,--cref 
LDFLAGS += $(EXTMEMOPTS) 
LDFLAGS += $(PRINTF_LIB) $(SCANF_LIB) $(MATH_LIB) 



#---------------- Programming Options (avrdude) ---------------- 

# Programming hardware: alf avr910 avrisp bascom bsd 
# dt006 pavr picoweb pony-stk200 sp12 stk200 stk500 
# 
# Type: avrdude -c ? 
# to get a full listing. 
# 

AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).hex 
#AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM = -U eeprom:w:$(TARGET).eep 


# Uncomment the following if you want avrdude's erase cycle counter. 
# Note that this counter needs to be initialized first using -Yn, 
# see avrdude manual. 
#AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER = -y 

# Uncomment the following if you do /not/ wish a verification to be 
# performed after programming the device. 
#AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY = -V 

# Increase verbosity level. Please use this when submitting bug 
# reports about avrdude. See <http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude> 
# to submit bug reports. 
#AVRDUDE_VERBOSE = -v -v 

AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER) 
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY) 
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_VERBOSE) 
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER) 

# --------------------------- EDITED BY WIJOYO UTOMO --------------------------- 
# This is to modify the baud rate to 19200 when using my Arduino Nano v-3.0 as my ISP programmer 
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -C 19200 

#---------------- Debugging Options ---------------- 

# For simulavr only - target MCU frequency. 
DEBUG_MFREQ = $(F_CPU) 

# Set the DEBUG_UI to either gdb or insight. 
# DEBUG_UI = gdb 
DEBUG_UI = insight 

# Set the debugging back-end to either avarice, simulavr. 
DEBUG_BACKEND = avarice 
#DEBUG_BACKEND = simulavr 

# GDB Init Filename. 
GDBINIT_FILE = __avr_gdbinit 

# When using avarice settings for the JTAG 
JTAG_DEV = /dev/com1 

# Debugging port used to communicate between GDB/avarice/simulavr. 
DEBUG_PORT = 4242 

# Debugging host used to communicate between GDB/avarice/simulavr, normally 
#  just set to localhost unless doing some sort of crazy debugging when 
#  avarice is running on a different computer. 
DEBUG_HOST = localhost 



#============================================================================ 


# Define programs and commands. 
SHELL = sh 
CC = /usr/local/CrossPack-AVR/bin/avr-g++ 
OBJCOPY = /usr/local/CrossPack-AVR/bin/avr-objcopy 
OBJDUMP = /usr/local/CrossPack-AVR/bin/avr-objdump 
SIZE = /usr/local/CrossPack-AVR/bin/avr-size 
NM = /usr/local/CrossPack-AVR/bin/avr-nm 
AVRDUDE = /usr/local/CrossPack-AVR/bin/avrdude 
REMOVE = rm -f 
COPY = cp 
WINSHELL = cmd 


# Define Messages 
# English 
MSG_ERRORS_NONE = Errors: none 
MSG_BEGIN = -------- begin -------- 
MSG_END = -------- end -------- 
MSG_SIZE_BEFORE = Size before: 
MSG_SIZE_AFTER = Size after: 
MSG_COFF = Converting to AVR COFF: 
MSG_EXTENDED_COFF = Converting to AVR Extended COFF: 
MSG_FLASH = Creating load file for Flash: 
MSG_EEPROM = Creating load file for EEPROM: 
MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING = Creating Extended Listing: 
MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE = Creating Symbol Table: 
MSG_LINKING = Linking: 
MSG_COMPILING = Compiling: 
MSG_ASSEMBLING = Assembling: 
MSG_CLEANING = Cleaning project: 




# Define all object files. 
OBJ = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(SRC:.c=.o)) $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(ASRC:.S=.o)) 

# Define all listing files. 
LST = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(SRC:.c=.lst)) $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(ASRC:.S=.lst)) 


# Compiler flags to generate dependency files. 
GENDEPFLAGS = -MD -MP -MF $(OBJDIR)/.dep/$(@F).d 


# Combine all necessary flags and optional flags. 
# Add target processor to flags. 
ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $(GENDEPFLAGS) 
ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS) 





# Default target. 
all: begin gccversion sizebefore clean build program sizeafter end 

build: $(OBJDIR) elf hex eep lss sym 

elf: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 
hex: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).hex 
eep: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).eep 
lss: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).lss 
sym: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).sym 

$(OBJDIR): 
    @mkdir -p $@ 

# Eye candy. 
# AVR Studio 3.x does not check make's exit code but relies on 
# the following magic strings to be generated by the compile job. 
begin: 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_BEGIN) 

end: 
    @echo $(MSG_END) 
    @echo 


# Display size of file. 
HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).hex 
ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) --format=avr $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 

sizebefore: 
    @if test -f $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(ELFSIZE); \ 
    2>/dev/null; echo; fi 

sizeafter: 
    @if test -f $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(ELFSIZE); \ 
    2>/dev/null; echo; fi 



# Display compiler version information. 
gccversion : 
    @$(CC) --version 



# Program the device. 
program: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).hex $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).eep 
    $(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM) 

# Generate avr-gdb config/init file which does the following: 
#  define the reset signal, load the target file, connect to target, and set 
#  a breakpoint at main(). 
gdb-config: 
    @$(REMOVE) $(GDBINIT_FILE) 
    @echo define reset >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) 
    @echo SIGNAL SIGHUP >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) 
    @echo end >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) 
    @echo file $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) 
    @echo target remote $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT) >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) 
ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND),simulavr) 
    @echo load >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) 
endif 
    @echo break main >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) 

debug: gdb-config $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 
ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND), avarice) 
    @echo Starting AVaRICE - Press enter when "waiting to connect" message displays. 
    @$(WINSHELL) /c start avarice --jtag $(JTAG_DEV) --erase --program --file \ 
    $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT) 
    @$(WINSHELL) /c pause 
else 
    @$(WINSHELL) /c start simulavr --gdbserver --device $(MCU) --clock-freq \ 
    $(DEBUG_MFREQ) --port $(DEBUG_PORT) 
endif 
    @$(WINSHELL) /c start avr-$(DEBUG_UI) --command=$(GDBINIT_FILE) 



# Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging/simulating in AVR Studio or VMLAB. 
COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \ 
--change-section-address .data-0x800000 \ 
--change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \ 
--change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \ 
--change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000 


coff: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_COFF) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).cof 
    $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $< $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).cof 


extcoff: $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_COFF) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).cof 
    $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $< $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).cof 



# Create final output files (.hex, .eep) from ELF output file. 
$(OBJDIR)/%.hex: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_FLASH) $@ 
    $(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@ 

$(OBJDIR)/%.eep: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_EEPROM) $@ 
    -$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags .eeprom=alloc,load \ 
    --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@ 

# Create extended listing file from ELF output file. 
$(OBJDIR)/%.lss: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING) $@ 
    $(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@ 

# Create a symbol table from ELF output file. 
$(OBJDIR)/%.sym: $(OBJDIR)/%.elf 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE) $@ 
    $(NM) -n $< > $@ 



# Link: create ELF output file from object files. 
.SECONDARY : $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 
.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ) 
$(OBJDIR)/%.elf: $(OBJ) 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_LINKING) $@ 
    $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $^ --output $@ $(LDFLAGS) 


# Compile: create object files from C source files. 
$(OBJDIR)/%.o : %.c 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_COMPILING) $< 
    $(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(abspath $<) -o $@ 


# Compile: create assembler files from C source files. 
$(OBJDIR)/%.s : %.c 
    $(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ 


# Assemble: create object files from assembler source files. 
$(OBJDIR)/%.o : %.S 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_ASSEMBLING) $< 
    $(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ 

# Create preprocessed source for use in sending a bug report. 
$(OBJDIR)/%.i : %.c 
    $(CC) -E -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ 


# Target: clean project. 
clean: begin clean_list end 

clean_list : 
    @echo 
    @echo $(MSG_CLEANING) 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).hex 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).eep 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).cof 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).elf 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).map 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).sym 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(TARGET).lss 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJ) 
    $(REMOVE) $(LST) 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(SRC:.c=.s) 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(SRC:.c=.d) 
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/.dep/* 



# Include the dependency files. 
-include $(shell mkdir $(OBJDIR)/.dep 2>/dev/null) $(wildcard $(OBJDIR)/.dep/*) 


# Listing of phony targets. 
.PHONY : all begin finish end sizebefore sizeafter gccversion \ 
build elf hex eep lss sym coff extcoff \ 
clean clean_list program debug gdb-config 

因为我不能发布图片，我将解释我的目录结构。有一个Builds子目录，用于保存构建的.hex .eep .o .elf .lst（成功时）。我的源文件和头文件不在Builds子目录中，但在包含Builds目录的项目目录中。

Answer 1

艾伦斯托克斯是正确的，除非OBJDIR有什么值并不重要，因为您的clean规则写得不好。考虑在干净的原则这一行：

$(REMOVE) $(OBJDIR)/$(SRC:.c=.s) 

这是一个常见的错误是认为仅仅通过在前面与另一个变量的变量，在第二每字将由第一前缀，但是这不是真的。这就是addprefix的用途（或者如果您愿意，可以用patsubst）。上述线路扩大到这个（假设REMOVE是rm -f，OBJDIR为obj，并SRC为foo.c bar.c biz.c baz.c）：

rm -f obj/foo.s bar.s biz.s baz.s 

您可以立即看到这是不是你想要的。

现在考虑当添加所有.cpp文件时会发生什么，因此SRC现在是foo.c bar.c biz.c baz.c one.cpp two.cpp three.cpp。替代$(SRC:.c=.s)将取代.c后缀，BUT它会而不是触摸任何与该模式不匹配的单词。所以，你运行该命令变为：

rm -f obj/foo.s bar.s biz.s baz.s one.cpp two.cpp three.cpp 

所以，你有两个问题：第一个是你应该使用addprefix（或patsubst）前缀所有与目录的话，第二个是你应该正在使用basename功能删除后缀为全部为的文字。有多种方法可以做到这一点，但这样的事情会工作：

$(REMOVE) $(patsubst %,$(OBJDIR)/%.s,$(basename $(SRC))) 

，当然还有，你必须做同样的你的规则.d文件。我强烈建议你先让它试试make -n，然后让它真正撕裂。