AutoLayout约束或StackView

Question

我需要一些严重的帮助与自动布局。我总共有12个按钮，我试图将其作为键盘布局。它最终应该看起来像这样。

目前，它看起来像这样

这里是我目前的制约因素。

我真的需要一些帮助工作这个out.Can有人任何人的帮助。我是编程和XCODE的新手。但是这不应该这么难。我可以请一些帮助。我在教程后观看了关于自动布局的教程，这是一个非常混乱的概念。我需要布置这个简单的钢琴键盘，请帮助。

感谢

Answer 1

我会建议以编程方式尝试和设置您的约束，而不能在接口生成器。通过这种方式，您将能够了解实际发生的约束条件，并且能够在界面构建器中轻松完成。

有三种类型的编程Autolay约束表示法： 1. init（item：attribute：relatedBy：toItem：attribute：multiplier：constant :)。当您需要基于百分比的布局（乘数）时最好使用。 2.锚符号（iOS9中的新增功能）。我没有使用新的锚符号的经验，但我知道它与界面构建器中约束的组成相似。但是，你再也不能确切地知道约束对你的每个观点做了什么。 3. constraintsWithVisualFormat。与第一个相同，但更简单。唯一不利的一面是，如果你打算按比例估算你的观点，那么它就没有这样的能力。

我想让你测试3号只是因为你可以更多的“可视化”constraintsWithVisualFormat表示法。但在你开始打开Visual Format language参考指南自己。

首先，添加一个新的swift文件。将其命名为KeyBoardView并将以下代码复制到其中。

class KeyboardView: UIView { 
var redKey : UIView! 
var orangeKey : UIView! 
var yellowKey : UIView! 
var greenKey : UIView! 
var lightBlueKey : UIView! 
var darkBlueKey : UIView! 
var purpleKey : UIView! 
var blackKey1 : UIView! 
var blackKey2 : UIView! 
var blackKey3 : UIView! 
var blackKey4 : UIView! 
var blackKey5 : UIView! 


override init(frame: CGRect) { 
    super.init(frame: frame) 
    self.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor() 
    setup() 
} 

required init(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) { 
    fatalError("This class does not support NSCoding") 
} 

func setup() { 
    redKey = UIView() 
    redKey.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor() 
    redKey.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(redKey!, atIndex: 10) 

    orangeKey = UIView() 
    orangeKey.backgroundColor = UIColor.orangeColor() 
    orangeKey.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(orangeKey!, atIndex: 10) 

    yellowKey = UIView() 
    yellowKey.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor() 
    yellowKey.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(yellowKey, atIndex: 10) 

    greenKey = UIView() 
    greenKey.backgroundColor = UIColor.greenColor() 
    greenKey.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(greenKey, atIndex: 10) 

    lightBlueKey = UIView() 
    lightBlueKey.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor() 
    lightBlueKey.alpha = 0.5 
    lightBlueKey.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(lightBlueKey, atIndex: 10) 

    darkBlueKey = UIView() 
    darkBlueKey.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor() 
    darkBlueKey.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(darkBlueKey, atIndex: 10) 

    purpleKey = UIView() 
    purpleKey.backgroundColor = UIColor.purpleColor() 
    purpleKey.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(purpleKey, atIndex: 10) 

    blackKey1 = UIView() 
    blackKey1.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor() 
    blackKey1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(blackKey1, atIndex: 11) 

    blackKey2 = UIView() 
    blackKey2.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor() 
    blackKey2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(blackKey2, atIndex: 11) 

    blackKey3 = UIView() 
    blackKey3.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor() 
    blackKey3.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(blackKey3, atIndex: 11) 

    blackKey4 = UIView() 
    blackKey4.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor() 
    blackKey4.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(blackKey4, atIndex: 11) 

    blackKey5 = UIView() 
    blackKey5.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor() 
    blackKey5.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false 
    self.insertSubview(blackKey5, atIndex: 11) 

    let views = [ 
     "redKey" : redKey, 
     "orangeKey" : orangeKey, 
     "yellowKey" : yellowKey, 
     "greenKey" : greenKey, 
     "lightBlueKey" : lightBlueKey, 
     "darkBlueKey" : darkBlueKey, 
     "purpleKey" : purpleKey, 
     "blackKey1" : blackKey1, 
     "blackKey2" : blackKey2, 
     "blackKey3" : blackKey3, 
     "blackKey4" : blackKey4, 
     "blackKey5" : blackKey5, 
    ] 

    let colorKeySpan = self.bounds.width/7 
    let blackKeyWidth = self.bounds.width/12 
    let blackKeyHeight = self.bounds.height/2.5 
    let scaleGap = self.bounds.width/6 

    let metrics = [ 
     "colorKeySpan" : colorKeySpan, 
     "blackKeyWidth" : blackKeyWidth, 
     "blackKeyHeight" : blackKeyHeight, 
     "scaleGap" : scaleGap, 
    ] 

    let redKeyVConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[redKey]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let redKeyHConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:|-0-[redKey(colorKeySpan)]-0-[orangeKey]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(redKeyVConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(redKeyHConstraint) 

    let orangeKeyVConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[orangeKey]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let orangeKeyHConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[orangeKey(colorKeySpan)]-0-[yellowKey]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(orangeKeyVConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(orangeKeyHConstraint) 

    let yellowKeyVConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[yellowKey]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let yellowKeyHConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[yellowKey(colorKeySpan)]-0-[greenKey]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(yellowKeyVConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(yellowKeyHConstraint) 

    let greenKeyVConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[greenKey]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let greenKeyHConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[greenKey(colorKeySpan)]-0-[lightBlueKey]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(greenKeyVConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(greenKeyHConstraint) 

    let lightBlueKeyVConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[lightBlueKey]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let lightBlueKeyHConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[lightBlueKey(colorKeySpan)]-0-[darkBlueKey]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(lightBlueKeyVConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(lightBlueKeyHConstraint) 

    let darkBlueKeyVConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[darkBlueKey]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let darkBlueKeyHConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[darkBlueKey(colorKeySpan)]-0-[purpleKey]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(darkBlueKeyVConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(darkBlueKeyHConstraint) 

    let purpleKeyVConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[purpleKey]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let purpleKeyHConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[purpleKey(colorKeySpan)]-0-|", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(purpleKeyVConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(purpleKeyHConstraint) 

    let blackKey1VConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[blackKey1(blackKeyHeight)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let blackKey1HConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:|-blackKeyWidth-[blackKey1(blackKeyWidth)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey1VConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey1HConstraint) 

    let blackKey2VConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[blackKey2(blackKeyHeight)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let blackKey2HConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[blackKey1]-blackKeyWidth-[blackKey2(blackKeyWidth)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey2VConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey2HConstraint) 

    let blackKey3VConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[blackKey3(blackKeyHeight)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let blackKey3HConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[blackKey2]-scaleGap-[blackKey3(blackKeyWidth)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey3VConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey3HConstraint) 

    let blackKey4VConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[blackKey4(blackKeyHeight)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let blackKey4HConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[blackKey3]-blackKeyWidth-[blackKey4(blackKeyWidth)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey4VConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey4HConstraint) 

    let blackKey5VConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-0-[blackKey5(blackKeyHeight)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    let blackKey5HConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:[blackKey4]-blackKeyWidth-[blackKey5(blackKeyWidth)]", options: NSLayoutFormatOptions(rawValue: 0), metrics: metrics, views: views) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey5VConstraint) 
    self.addConstraints(blackKey5HConstraint) 
} 

}

记得导入的UIKit和基金会在文件的顶部。

然后在viewDidLoad方法下方添加以下代码到你的ViewController：

let keyboardView = KeyboardView(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds) 
self.view.addSubview(keyView 

您可以更改框架，以符合您的需求。

我们正在做的是将一个自定义UIView添加到接口。你可以在没有自定义UIView的情况下在你的ViewController上完成所有约束设置，只需在你的ViewController类中添加KeyboardView类的属性和“setup”方法即可。

对于复杂的视图设置喜欢你的我会建议以编程方式进行设置，因为你总是要改变一切，但不是让所有的东西都与界面构建器分离，你将能够精确地移动你想要的值。

通过更改度量值，短划线和括号之间的值来进行实验。然后尝试用符号1重新创建约束条件。

也知道您可以随时自定义和子类化UIKit的元素。