ASP.NET Web Api System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException

Question

我有一个完整的MVC4网站，今天我试图添加一个Web API，但没有成功。

<Error> 
<Message>An error has occurred.</Message> 
<ExceptionMessage> 
The 'ObjectContent`1' type failed to serialize the response body for content type 'application/xml; charset=utf-8'. 
</ExceptionMessage> 
<ExceptionType>System.InvalidOperationException</ExceptionType> 
<StackTrace/> 
<InnerException> 
<Message>An error has occurred.</Message> 
<ExceptionMessage> 
Type 'System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery`1[[LeasingWeb.Models.Car, LeasingWeb, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null]]' with data contract name 'ArrayOfCar:http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/LeasingWeb.Models' is not expected. Consider using a DataContractResolver or add any types not known statically to the list of known types - for example, by using the KnownTypeAttribute attribute or by adding them to the list of known types passed to DataContractSerializer. 
</ExceptionMessage> 
<ExceptionType> 
System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException 
</ExceptionType> 
<StackTrace> 
at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeAndVerifyType(DataContract dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean verifyKnownType, RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle, Type declaredType) at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeWithXsiType(XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj, RuntimeTypeHandle objectTypeHandle, Type objectType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle, Type declaredType) at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.InternalSerialize(XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj, Boolean isDeclaredType, Boolean writeXsiType, Int32 declaredTypeID, RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at WriteCarDBToXml(XmlWriterDelegator , Object , XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext , ClassDataContract) at System.Runtime.Serialization.ClassDataContract.WriteXmlValue(XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj, XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext context) at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.WriteDataContractValue(DataContract dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj, RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializerWriteContext.SerializeWithoutXsiType(DataContract dataContract, XmlWriterDelegator xmlWriter, Object obj, RuntimeTypeHandle declaredTypeHandle) at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer.InternalWriteObjectContent(XmlWriterDelegator writer, Object graph, DataContractResolver dataContractResolver) at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer.InternalWriteObject(XmlWriterDelegator writer, Object graph, DataContractResolver dataContractResolver) at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlObjectSerializer.WriteObjectHandleExceptions(XmlWriterDelegator writer, Object graph, DataContractResolver dataContractResolver) at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer.WriteObject(XmlWriter writer, Object graph) at System.Net.Http.Formatting.XmlMediaTypeFormatter.<>c__DisplayClass7.<WriteToStreamAsync>b__6() at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskHelpers.RunSynchronously(Action action, CancellationToken token) 
</StackTrace> 
</InnerException> 
</Error> 

我的对象是这些：

public class Image 
{ 
    public int ID { get; set; } 

    [Required(ErrorMessage="Please select a car")] 
    [ForeignKey("Car")] 
    public int CarID { get; set; } 

    [DisplayName("Picture")] 
    [Required] 
    [FileExtensions(ErrorMessage = "Please specify a valid image file (.jpg, .jpeg, .gif or .png)", Extensions = ("jpg,png,jpeg"))] 
    public string Name { get; set; } 


    public virtual Car Car { get; set; } 
} 

public class Car 
{ 
    public int ID { get; set; } 

    [Required] 
    [DisplayName("Car Model")] 
    public string Name { get; set; } 

    [Required] 
    public string Company { get; set; } 

    [Required] 
    [DisplayName("Car Type")] 
    [ForeignKey("CarType")] 
    public int CarTypeID { get; set; } 

    [Required] 
    [Range(1,5)] 
    [DisplayName("Number Of Doors")] 
    public float NumDoors { get; set; } 

    [Required] 
    [Range(0, Int32.MaxValue)] 
    public float Acceleration { get; set; } 

    public virtual CarType CarType { get; set; } 
} 

public class CarType 
{ 
    [Key] 
    public int ID { get; set; } 

    [Required] 
    [DataType(DataType.Text)] 
    public string Type { get; set; } 
} 

并持有它们的对象即：

public class CarDB 
{ 
    public IQueryable<Car> Cars { get; set; } 
    public IEnumerable<Image> Images { get; set; } 
} 

的API控制器：

public CarDB Get(int ID = -1) 
{ 
    CarDB car = new CarDB(); 
    if (ID == -1) 
    { 
     car = new CarDB { Cars = db.Cars.Include(c => c.CarType), Images = db.Images }; 
    } 
    else 
    { 
     car = new CarDB { Cars = db.Cars.Where(c => c.ID == ID).Include(c => c.CarType), Images = db.Images.Where(c => c.CarID == ID) }; 
    } 
    return car; 
} 

由于任何人可以帮帮我。

Answer 1

这里的问题是CarDB对象上的Cars成员。 DataContractSerializer特殊情况集合接口（如IEnumerable和IList），但它并不像IQueryable那样是特殊情况派生的接口。对于这些接口，它们被视为类型是对象，任何实现都必须声明为已知类型。

您可以尝试通过将IQueryable<Car>成员更改为IEnumerable<Car>来解决此问题。

Answer 2

我使用30个包含大约40个具有延迟加载的外键的遗留代码存在此问题。我发现它更容易，而不是为所有数据库类添加更多注释，只需创建一个包含我想要返回的字段的ViewModel。 如果返回的数据很复杂，那么我建议使用automapper。