2016-07-23 140 views
0

我是ipython的新手。我有此代码段在我的IPythonValueError:x和y必须具有相同的第一维,ipython 3.5

def derivative(x): 
    return 3*(x^2) 
derivative_estimate = lambda x: difference_quotient(cube, x, h=0.00001) 

x = range(-10, 10) 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
plt.title("Actual Derivatives vs Estimates") 
x = range(-10,10) 
plt.plot(x, map(derivative, x), 'rx', label = 'Actual')   # red x 
plt.plot(x, map(derivative_estimate, x), 'b+', label = 'Estimate') # blue + 
plt.show() 

当我尝试运行它,它让我看到这些错误


ValueError        Traceback (most recent call last) 
<ipython-input-12-211954bb4dc5> in <module>() 
     6 plt.title("Actual Derivatives vs Estimates") 
     7 x = range(-10,10) 
----> 8 plt.plot(x, map(derivative, x), 'rx')   # red x 
     9 plt.plot(x, map(derivative_estimate, x), 'b+') # blue + 
    10 plt.show() 

C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py in plot(*args, **kwargs) 
    3152   ax.hold(hold) 
    3153  try: 
-> 3154   ret = ax.plot(*args, **kwargs) 
    3155  finally: 
    3156   ax.hold(washold) 

C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py in inner(ax, *args, **kwargs) 
    1809      warnings.warn(msg % (label_namer, func.__name__), 
    1810         RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2) 
-> 1811    return func(ax, *args, **kwargs) 
    1812   pre_doc = inner.__doc__ 
    1813   if pre_doc is None: 

C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_axes.py in plot(self, *args, **kwargs) 
    1422    kwargs['color'] = c 
    1423 
-> 1424   for line in self._get_lines(*args, **kwargs): 
    1425    self.add_line(line) 
    1426    lines.append(line) 

C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in _grab_next_args(self, *args, **kwargs) 
    384     return 
    385    if len(remaining) <= 3: 
--> 386     for seg in self._plot_args(remaining, kwargs): 
    387      yield seg 
    388     return 

C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in _plot_args(self, tup, kwargs) 
    362    x, y = index_of(tup[-1]) 
    363 
--> 364   x, y = self._xy_from_xy(x, y) 
    365 
    366   if self.command == 'plot': 

C:\Users\User\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in _xy_from_xy(self, x, y) 
    221   y = _check_1d(y) 
    222   if x.shape[0] != y.shape[0]: 
--> 223    raise ValueError("x and y must have same first dimension") 
    224   if x.ndim > 2 or y.ndim > 2: 
    225    raise ValueError("x and y can be no greater than 2-D") 

ValueError: x and y must have same first dimension, 

任何人都可以请帮我解决这个问题呢?

+1

仅供参考:Python中'^'不是幂指数;它是“按位排他”。 “x平方”使用'x ** 2'。 –

+0

是的,我后来知道了 –

回答

1

Matplotlib的plot功能无法处理由map返回的迭代器展开迭代器列表调用plot前:

plt.plot(x, list(map(derivative, x)), 'rx', label = 'Actual') 
+0

是的,这就是答案。那么我太忙了回答我自己的帖子。但你已经做到了。所以接受它:) –

0

尝试导入numpy,然后使用numpy.linspacenumpy.arange而不是range。我相信你的问题是在你的功能derivative内部创建的,你需要3*x。如果x是一个列表(从标准range返回,3*x将返回[1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4]如果x=[1, 2, 3, 4]你想获得什么是3*x = [3, 6, 9, 12],如果你使用numpy.linspacenumpy.arange,而不是这将是情况

文档链接。: numpy.arangenumpy.linspace

+0

不,它与numpy没有任何关系 –

+0

x-list的长度是多少,函数派生函数返回的列表的长度是多少?如果我使用'x = range(-10,10)',我会得到'len(x)= 20'和'len(derivative(x))= 60'。 – pathoren

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