为什么这个简单的urlopen（）函数会产生ssl错误？

我做了一个程序，取消了简单的维基百科页面。我把这本书'用python网页刮'。为什么这个简单的urlopen（）函数会产生ssl错误？

from urllib.request import urlopen 
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 

html = urlopen("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon") 
bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') 

for link in bsObj.findAll("a"): 
    if 'href' in link.attrs: 
    print(link.attrs['href'])

但它产生SSL错误：

Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1240, in do_open 
    h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1083, in request 
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1128, in _send_request 
    self.endheaders(body) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1079, in endheaders 
    self._send_output(message_body) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 911, in _send_output 
    self.send(msg) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 854, in send 
    self.connect() 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1237, in connect 
    server_hostname=server_hostname) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 376, in wrap_socket 
    _context=self) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 747, in __init__ 
    self.do_handshake() 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 983, in do_handshake 
    self._sslobj.do_handshake() 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 628, in do_handshake 
    self._sslobj.do_handshake() 
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:646) 

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: 

Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "test.py", line 6, in <module> 
    html = urlopen("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon") 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 162, in urlopen 
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 471, in open 
    response = meth(req, response) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 581, in http_response 
    'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 503, in error 
    result = self._call_chain(*args) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 443, in _call_chain 
    result = func(*args) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 686, in http_error_302 
    return self.parent.open(new, timeout=req.timeout) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 465, in open 
    response = self._open(req, data) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 483, in _open 
    '_open', req) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 443, in _call_chain 
    result = func(*args) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1283, in https_open 
    context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname) 
    File "/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1242, in do_open 
    raise URLError(err) 
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:646)>

Python版本是3.5.0。

而书不处理这种错误。我必须使用pip安装与ssl相关的软件包吗？

来源

2015-12-05 user3595632

请不要试图抓取维基百科页面。学习使用[API]（https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Main_page）。当然，这里有一些学习曲线，但是您可以通过JSON获取所需的数据，而不必使用BeautifulSoup解析数据。 –

@ PM2Ring感谢您的建议，但我想知道为什么会发生此错误？ – user3595632

我并不完全确定，因为我没有使用'urllib.request'（我现在使用第三方[Requests]（http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/）模块进行HTTP东东）。但是'http：// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon'重定向到'https：// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon'，并且需要SSL。谈判。 –

当服务器提供的SSL证书上列出的域与浏览器连接的域不匹配时，会发生SSL错误。要开始HTTPS会话，证书上的域必须与浏览器地址栏中的域完全匹配。

这意味着网址您尝试使用
```
urllib.request.urlopen(url) 
```
没有回馈正确的HTTP响应打开。现在，您可以尝试这些东西 -
检查使用
```
urlib.request.proxyHandler() 
```
尝试去通过你的HTTP/HTTPS代理处理程序，HTTPS服务器如果您认为该URL是安全的，你不” t想确保它包含SSL认证。

来源

2017-12-01 09:01:49 Techcentaur

为什么这个简单的urlopen（）函数会产生ssl错误？

回答

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