验证仅限于表单中的值

Question

昨天我问了这样一个问题，但在我花了几个小时处理了这个问题之后，我了解到，我昨天问的问题不是我遇到的问题。所以，我决定再问一次。

用户模型：

EMAIL_REGEX = /\A^[A-Za-z0-9](([_\.\-]?[a-zA-Z0-9]+)*)@([A-Za-z0-9]+)(([\.\-]?[a-zA-Z0-9]+)*)\.([A-Za-z]{2,})$\z/ 
    # Matches -> he_llo@worl.d.com hel.l-o@wor-ld.museum h1ello@123.com 
    # Non-Matches -> hello@worl_d.com he&llo@world.co1 .hello@wor#.co.uk 
    # http://regexlib.com/REDetails.aspx?regexp_id=333 

    ALL_LETTERS_AND_SINGLE_SPACES = /\A^([a-zA-Z]+\s?)*$\z/ 
    ALL_LETTERS_AND_NUMBERS = /\A^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$\z/ 
    WEBSITE = /\A(www.)?([a-zA-Z0-9]+).[a-zA-Z0-9]*.[a-z]{3}.?([a-z]+)?\z/ 

    # First Name 
    validates :first_name, 
      presence: {message: 'First name cannot be blank'}, 
      length: {maximum: 50, message: 'First name cannot be longer than 50 characters'}, 
      format: {with: ALL_LETTERS_AND_SINGLE_SPACES, message: 'First name should contain only letters and single space'} 

    # Last Name 
    validates :last_name, 
      presence: {message: 'Last name cannot be blank'}, 
      length: {maximum: 50, message: 'Last name cannot be longer than 50 characters'}, 
      format: {with: ALL_LETTERS_AND_SINGLE_SPACES, message: 'Last name should contain only letters and single space'} 

    # Email 
    validates :email, 
      presence: {message: 'Email cannot be blank'}, 
      length: {maximum: 100, message: 'Email cannot be longer than 100 characters'}, 
      format: {with: EMAIL_REGEX, message: 'Email is not valid'}, 
      uniqueness: {case_sensitive: false, message: 'This email is already registered'}, 
      confirmation: {message: 'Email address does not match'} 

    # Password 
    validates :password_digest, 
      presence: {message: 'Password cannot be blank'}, 
      length: {minimum: 8, message: 'Password length should be minimum 8 characters'} 

    # Username 
    validates :username, 
      presence: {message: 'Username cannot be blank'}, 
      length: {minimum: 3, message: 'Email cannot be shorter than 3 characters'}, 
      format: {with: ALL_LETTERS_AND_NUMBERS, message: 'Username should contain only letters and numbers'}, 
      uniqueness: {case_sensitive: false, message: 'This username is already in use'} 

    # Website 
    validates :website, 
      format: {with: WEBSITE, message: 'Invalid email format. Make sure you don\'t have http:// in your link'} 

    # Information 
    validates :information, 
      length: {maximum: 100, message: 'Information cannot be longer than 99 characters'} 

正如你所看到的，我有我的数据库中的一些列的验证。我需要的是在用户注册时验证first_name，last_name，email和password，并在用户编辑他/她的个人资料设置时验证first_name，last_name以及网站，信息和用户名。

但是，rails会自动验证您的注册页面中是否有用户名字段的所有列。它只是验证一切。但我不希望Rails在注册时验证用户名或网站。

档案控制器：

def update 
    # Find an existing object using form parameters 
    @profile = User.find_by_id(current_user.id) 
    # Update the object 
    if @profile.update_attributes!(settings_profile_params) 
     # If save succeeds, redirect to itself 
     redirect_to request.referrer 
    else 
     # If save fails, redisplay the form so user can fix the problems 
     render('edit') 
    end 
    end 

    private # user_params is not an action, that is why it is private. 
    def settings_profile_params 
    params.require(:user).permit(:first_name, :last_name, :username, :school, :program, :website, :information) 
    end 

用户控制器：

def create 
    # Instantiate a new object using form parameters 
    @user = User.new(user_params) 
    # Save the object 
    if @user.save 
     # If save succeeds, redirect to the dashboard action 
     cookies[:authorization_token] = @user.authorization_token 
     redirect_to dashboard_path 
    else 
     # If save fails, redisplay the form so user can fix the problems 
     render('new') 
    end 
    end 

    private # user_params is not an action, that is why it is private. 
    def user_params 
    params.require(:user).permit(:first_name, :last_name, :email, :email_confirmation, :password) 
    end 

我想轨将验证在强大的参数只有通过者，但事实并非如此。我相信它应该很容易解决，但我不能。

谢谢。

Answer 1

您可以使用：如果选项：

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base 
    validates :card_number, presence: true, if: :paid_with_card? 

    def paid_with_card? 
    payment_type == "card" 
    end 
end 

但我认为你正在寻找allow_nil或allow_blank选项：

3.1：allow_nil

的：allow_nil选项当验证值 为零时跳过验证。

class Coffee < ActiveRecord::Base 
    validates :size, inclusion: { in: %w(small medium large), 
    message: "%{value} is not a valid size" }, allow_nil: true 
end 

3.2：allow_blank

的：allow_blank选项类似于：allow_nil选项。如果属性的值为空，这个 选项会让验证通过吗？， 比如nil或空字符串。

class Topic < ActiveRecord::Base 
    validates :title, length: { is: 5 }, allow_blank: true 
end 

Topic.create(title: "").valid? # => true 
Topic.create(title: nil).valid? # => true 

Answer 2

我不知道要做到这一点的惯用方式。对于要只更新运行单个验证，你可以做

validates :username, 
... 
on: :update # or on: :create 

或者，如果你希望他们只当属性已在形式被提供运行，

validates :username, 
... 
if: :username_changed? 

对于更激进解决方案时，您可能需要考虑将您的模型分成两部分 - 一部分包含注册时创建的属性（User），另一部分包含其他属性（UserDetails或UserProfile）belongs_to :user。此时，在工作流程的不同阶段拥有不同的验证逻辑变得非常简单。

Answer 3

模型验证大部分时间都是关于表单的。

Ryan Bates已经发布了an excellent RailsCast关于如何重构你的模型，方式是你为每个表单使用不同的对象。

这样，您可以组合模型和/或定义不同的行为和/或验证，具体取决于提交数据的表单。

要做到这一点的方式很长，所以在这里发布代码会很麻烦。

我强烈建议访问上面的链接，你会在那里得到你的答案。