2012-11-23 51 views

回答

2

IP从未打算直接封装到电线上;你必须有一个低层的有线协议。有用来在金属丝诸如SONET分组(POS),以太网,T1等封装分组许多协议...

这些较低层协议被称为“本地网络协议”的RFC 791: The Internet Protocol

第2.1节
2.1. Relation to Other Protocols 

The following diagram illustrates the place of the internet protocol 
in the protocol hierarchy: 


       +------+ +-----+ +-----+  +-----+ 
       |Telnet| | FTP | | TFTP| ... | ... | 
       +------+ +-----+ +-----+  +-----+ 
        | |   |   |  
        +-----+  +-----+  +-----+ 
        | TCP |  | UDP | ... | ... | 
        +-----+  +-----+  +-----+ 
         |   |   |  
        +--------------------------+----+ 
        | Internet Protocol & ICMP | 
        +--------------------------+----+ 
            |     
         +---------------------------+ 
         | Local Network Protocol | <--- Ethernet 
         +---------------------------+ 

         Protocol Relationships 

           Figure 1. 

Internet protocol interfaces on one side to the higher level 
host-to-host protocols and on the other side to the local network 
protocol. 

一个以太网NIC有自己的地址(即MAC地址),它允许它识别该帧是否打算用于该特定的NIC。 IP有一个称为ARP协议的伙伴协议,它允许您在IP地址和相应的以太网地址之间进行映射。