使用子查询与左连接的MySQL索引优化

Question

我创建了2个可用于执行相同功能的查询。它们都包含我想合并成单个查询的属性，但我一直无法。

查询1 - 给我的结果我想要的。慢（〜0.700秒）

查询2 - 给我很多行，我忽略和跳过。快速（〜0.005秒）

我的目标是修改QUERY 2，为每个项目删除除1之外的所有空行价格行。我似乎无法完成这项工作，因为我们对表现不感兴趣。这是由于我缺乏对MySQL中索引使用的经验和理解。

QUERY 1

用途设计不良的子查询不允许跨tbl_sale（e）中使用索引包含10K行。

SELECT b.id, b.sv, b.description, der.store_id, f.name, der.price 
FROM tbl_watch AS a 
    LEFT JOIN tbl_item AS b ON a.item_id = b.id 
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT c.store_id, d.flyer_id, e.item_id, e.price 
    FROM tbl_storewatch AS c, tbl_storeflyer AS d 
    FORCE INDEX (storebeg_ndx) , tbl_sale AS e 
    WHERE c.user_id = '$user_id' 
    AND (
     d.store_id = c.store_id 
     AND d.date_beg = '20121206' 
     ) 
    AND e.flyer_id = d.flyer_id 
     ) AS der ON a.item_id = der.item_id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_store as f ON der.store_id = f.id 
WHERE a.user_id = '$user_id' 
ORDER BY b.description ASC 

这里是解释查询1

id select_type table  type possible_keys key    key_len  ref  rows Extra 
1 PRIMARY  a   ref  user_item_ndx user_item_ndx 4   const 30 Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort 
1 PRIMARY  b   eq_ref PRIMARY   PRIMARY   4   a.item_id 1 
1 PRIMARY  <derived2> ALL  NULL   NULL   NULL  NULL 300  
1 PRIMARY  f   eq_ref PRIMARY   PRIMARY   4   der.store_id 1 
2 DERIVED  c   ref  user_ndx  user_ndx  4     6 
2 DERIVED  e   ALL  NULL   NULL NULL NULL    9473 Using join buffer 
2 DERIVED  d   eq_ref storebeg_ndx storebeg_ndx 8   c.store_id 1 Using where 

QUERY 2

全部使用左联接，这是非常有效的（与ORDER BY除外）。索引用于每个连接。该查询返回tbl_watch中每个项目的所有可能匹配项。下面是该查询：

SELECT b.id, b.sv, b.description, c.store_id, f.name, e.price 
FROM tbl_watch AS a 
LEFT JOIN tbl_item AS b ON a.item_id = b.id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_storewatch AS c ON c.user_id = '$user_id' 
LEFT JOIN tbl_storeflyer AS d ON d.store_id = c.store_id 
    AND d.date_beg = '$s_date' 
LEFT JOIN tbl_sale AS e ON e.item_id = a.item_id 
    AND e.flyer_id = d.flyer_id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_store as f ON d.store_id = f.id 
WHERE a.user_id = '$user_id' 
ORDER BY b.description ASC 

这里是解释查询：

id select_type  table type possible_keys   key    key_len  ref      rows Extra 
1 SIMPLE   a  ref  user_item_ndx   user_item_ndx 4   const     6  Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort 
1 SIMPLE   b  eq_ref PRIMARY     PRIMARY   4   a.item_id    1 
1 SIMPLE   c  ref  user_ndx    user_ndx  4   const     2 
1 SIMPLE   d  eq_ref storebeg_ndx,storendx storebeg_ndx 8   c.store_id,const  1 
1 SIMPLE   e  eq_ref itemflyer_ndx   itemflyer_ndx 8   a.item_id,d.flyer_id 1 
1 SIMPLE   f  eq_ref PRIMARY     PRIMARY   4   d.store_id    1 

如何修改问题2（更有效）给我正是我需要像在查询1对行与吗？

感谢 迈克

Answer 1

你的子查询中查询1使用隐式内部联接，而查询2是使用所有连接左明确连接。因此，有没有where子句中查询2.排除数据我会采取左侧开出的一对夫妇行（标示），看看如何改善的事情：

SELECT b.id, b.sv, b.description, c.store_id, f.name, e.price 
FROM tbl_watch AS a 
LEFT JOIN tbl_item AS b ON a.item_id = b.id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_storewatch AS c ON c.user_id = '$user_id' 
-- Left removed below 
JOIN tbl_storeflyer AS d ON d.store_id = c.store_id 
    AND d.date_beg = '$s_date' 
-- Left removed below 
JOIN tbl_sale AS e ON e.item_id = a.item_id 
    AND e.flyer_id = d.flyer_id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_store as f ON d.store_id = f.id 
WHERE a.user_id = '$user_id' 
ORDER BY b.description ASC` 

您也可以考虑服用并把它们移出来并移动到WHERE：

SELECT b.id, b.sv, b.description, c.store_id, f.name, e.price 
FROM tbl_watch AS a 
LEFT JOIN tbl_item AS b ON a.item_id = b.id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_storewatch AS c ON c.user_id = '$user_id' 
JOIN tbl_storeflyer AS d ON d.store_id = c.store_id 
JOIN tbl_sale AS e ON e.item_id = a.item_id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_store as f ON d.store_id = f.id 
WHERE a.user_id = '$user_id' 
AND d.date_beg = '$s_date' 
AND e.flyer_id = d.flyer_id 
ORDER BY b.description ASC 

最后，日期数学相当密集。在查询2中，使用外部连接，可以避免很多，但可能需要它。我想尝试通过使用子查询得到的ID和限制：

SELECT b.id, b.sv, b.description, c.store_id, f.name, e.price 
FROM tbl_watch AS a 
LEFT JOIN tbl_item AS b ON a.item_id = b.id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_storewatch AS c ON c.user_id = '$user_id' 
JOIN tbl_storeflyer AS d ON d.store_id = c.store_id 
JOIN tbl_sale AS e ON e.item_id = a.item_id 
LEFT JOIN tbl_store as f ON d.store_id = f.id 
WHERE a.user_id = '$user_id' 
AND e.flyer_id = d.flyer_id 
AND d.id in (select d.id from d where date_beg = '$s_date') 
ORDER BY b.description ASC 

Answer 2

我觉得这个查询会给你想要的东西：

select a.id, a.sv, a.description, c.id, c.name, b.price 
    from 
    tbl_item a left outer join tbl_sale b on (a.id=b.item_id) 
     left outer join tbl_storeflyer d on (b.flyer_id=d.flyer_id and d.date_beg = '20120801') 
     left outer join tbl_store c on (d.store_id = c.id) 
     left outer join tbl_storewatch x on (c.id = x.store_id) 
     left outer join tbl_watch y on (a.id = y.item_id); 

与参与NULL值，你有可能会有一些左连接。替代的方法是使用一个联盟，这与MySQL可能会更快：

select a.id, a.sv, a.description, c.id as store_id, c.name, b.price 
    from 
    tbl_item a, 
    tbl_sale b, 
    tbl_storeflyer d, 
    tbl_store c, 
    tbl_storewatch x, 
    tbl_watch y 
    where 
    a.id = b.item_id and 
    b.flyer_id = d.flyer_id and 
    d.store_id = c.id and 
    c.id = x.store_id and 
    a.id = y.item_id and 
    d.date_beg = '20120801' 
union 
select a.id, a.sv, a.description, null as store_id, null as name, null as price 
    from 
    tbl_item a 
    where 
    a.id not in (select b.item_id from tbl_sale b); 

你可能会和工会作为一个左外下半场打加入，而不是一个“不”子查询 - 取决于如何你的MySQL版本会优化。