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我花了很多时间考虑单元测试。我至少买了Working Effectively with Legacy Code作为电子书。它大部分是有意义的，它似乎是一本关于单元测试旧代码的好书。但我认为我们需要一个起点，因为我们的Attracs项目很大。另请参阅关于单元测试的我的基因question。如何打破依赖关系以启用单元测试
该应用程序有一个UML模型来定义类，属性和关系，并使用Delphi的Bold。在模型的每一次改变之后，我们都会进行往返。这会自动为文件businessclasses.pas和BusinessClasses_Interface.inc中的方法生成声明。如果更改需要数据库中的更改，则还会生成SQL脚本。这种方式多年来运行良好，但我们从未使用任何单元测试。
因此，我添加一个新的测试项目，然后依赖关系导致麻烦。 我
[DCC错误] Attracs_Interface_Uses.inc（10）：找不到F1026文件： 'MsxSupport.dcu'
所以总结错误
AttracsTest.dpr使用
BusinessClasses.pas使用
BusinessClasses_Interface.inc使用
Attracs_Interface_Uses.inc
那么我怎么能打破依赖链？
请注意，实际上文件要大得多。模型中有300多个类，businessClasses.pas拥有超过53000行代码... 作为一个测试用例，我只有一个带有方法AddResponsibility的TPerson类。但你应该明白这个原则。
这里是我的文件：
AttracsTest.dpr
program AttracsTests;
{$IFDEF CONSOLE_TESTRUNNER}
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
{$ENDIF}
uses
Forms,
TestFramework,
GUITestRunner,
TextTestRunner,
BusinessClasses in '..\..\server\code\BusinessClasses.pas',
TestBusinessClasses in 'TestBusinessClasses.pas',
ArrayOfObject in '..\..\server\code\ArrayOfObject.pas';
{$R *.RES}
begin
Application.Initialize;
if IsConsole then
TextTestRunner.RunRegisteredTests
else
GUITestRunner.RunRegisteredTests;
end.
TestBusinessClasses.pas
unit TestBusinessClasses;
interface
uses
TestFramework,
ArrayOfObject,
AttracsAttributes,
AttracsDefs,
atXMLObjModel,
BoldAttributes
BoldDBInterfaces,
BoldDefs,
BoldDeriver,
BoldDomainElement,
BoldElements,
BoldSubscription,
BoldSystem,
BoldSystemRT,
BusinessClasses, // Trigger the dependency, but also contain info about the classes get and set methods for attributes.
Classes,
Contnrs,
SysUtils,
XMLIntf,
XMLObjModel,
XMLParser;
type
TestTPerson = class(TTestCase)
strict private
FPerson: TPerson;
public
procedure SetUp; override;
procedure TearDown; override;
published
procedure TestAddResponsibility;
end;
implementation
procedure TestTPerson.SetUp;
begin
FPerson := TPerson.Create;
end;
procedure TestTPerson.TearDown;
begin
FPerson.Free;
FPerson := nil;
end;
procedure TestTPerson.TestAddResponsibility;
var
ReturnValue: Boolean;
aSession: TLogonSession;
aDevType: TDevTypeDef;
aMarketArea: TMarketArea;
begin
// TODO: Setup method call parameters
ReturnValue := FPerson.AddResponsibility(aMarketArea, aDevType, aSession);
// TODO: Validate method results
end;
initialization
// Register any test cases with the test runner
RegisterTest(TestTPerson.Suite);
end.
Attracs_Interface_Uses
AttracsDefs,
atXMLObjModel,
XMLObjModel,
XMLParser,
Contnrs,
XMLIntf,
ArrayOfObject,
BoldDBInterfaces,
MsxSupport // Line that compiler complain about
BusinessClasses_Interface.inc
(*****************************************)
(* This file is autogenerated *)
(* Any manual changes will be LOST! *)
(*****************************************)
{$IFNDEF BusinessClasses_Interface.inc}
{$DEFINE BusinessClasses_Interface.inc}
{$IFNDEF BusinessClasses_unitheader}
unit BusinessClasses;
{$ENDIF}
{$INCLUDE Attracs.inc} //PATCH
interface
uses
// interface uses
{$INCLUDE Attracs_Interface_Uses.inc} ,
// interface dependencies
// attribute classes
AttracsAttributes,
BoldAttributes,
// other
Classes,
SysUtils,
BoldDefs,
BoldSubscription,
BoldDeriver,
BoldElements,
BoldDomainElement,
BoldSystemRT,
BoldSystem;
type
{ forward declarations of all classes }
TPerson = class;
TPerson = class(TAmStateObject)
public
function AddResponsibility(aMarketArea: TMarketArea; aDevType: TDevTypeDef; aSession: TLogonSession): Boolean;
end;
function GeneratedCodeCRC: String;
implementation
uses
// implementation uses
{$INCLUDE Attracs_Implementation_Uses.inc} ,
// implementation dependencies
// other
BoldGeneratedCodeDictionary;
{$ENDIF}
Businessclasses.pas
(*****************************************)
(* This file is autogenerated *)
(* Any manual changes will be LOST! *)
(*****************************************)
unit BusinessClasses;
{$DEFINE BusinessClasses_unitheader}
{$INCLUDE BusinessClasses_Interface.inc}
{ Includefile for methodimplementations
Have concrete implementation of methods}
{$INCLUDE Person.inc}
// Some get and set methods fopr attributes in the class
// attribute FirstName
function TPerson._Get_M_FirstName: TBAString;
begin
assert(ValidateMember('TPerson', 'FirstName', 14, TBAString));
Result := TBAString(BoldMembers[14]);
end;
function TPerson._GetFirstName: String;
begin
Result := M_FirstName.AsString;
end;
procedure TPerson._SetFirstName(const NewValue: String);
begin
M_FirstName.AsString := NewValue;
end;
procedure InstallBusinessClasses(BoldObjectClasses: TBoldGeneratedClassList);
begin
BoldObjectClasses.AddObjectEntry('Person', TPerson);
end;
var
CodeDescriptor: TBoldGeneratedCodeDescriptor;
initialization
CodeDescriptor := GeneratedCodes.AddGeneratedCodeDescriptorWithFunc('BusinessClasses', InstallBusinessClasses, InstallObjectListClasses, GeneratedCodeCRC);
finalization
GeneratedCodes.Remove(CodeDescriptor);
end.
人。INC
function TPerson.AddResponsibility(aMarketArea: TMarketArea; aDevType: TDevTypeDef; aSession: TLogonSession): Boolean;
var
vOCL: String;
vDevResponse: TDevResponsible;
begin
vOCL := Format('DevResponsible.allinstances->select((devType.TypeName = ''%s'') and (marketArea.name = ''%s''))->first',
[aDevType.TypeName, aMarketArea.name]);
vDevResponse := GetApplicationKernel.EvaluateExpressionAsDirectElement(vOCL) as TDevResponsible;
if not Assigned(vDevResponse) then
vDevResponse := GetApplicationKernel.CreateAMObject('DevResponsible') as TDevResponsible;
if Assigned(vDevResponse) then
begin
vDevResponse.marketArea := aMarketArea;
vDevResponse.devType := aDevType;
vDevResponse.responsiblePers := self;
NotifyModificationHistory(Now, aSession, Format('Responsible for %s marketarea: %s', [aDevType.TypeName, aMarketArea.Name]));
Result := True;
end
else
Result := False;
end;
MsxSupport是一个很大的可怕依赖项，它在测试中不起作用吗？还是只是编译器找不到它的问题？如果它在测试中不起作用，那么你的“接口”单元不应该首先依赖它 - 你可能需要另一层间接寻址。如果编译器找不到它，那么您只需更新测试项目的搜索路径或软件包列表。 – 2011-12-29 15:44:34
在这一点上，我不会担心你需要添加到测试项目中的单元，将它们全部添加或使用搜索路径。此时，我应该尝试限制对象之间的依赖关系。要测试你的TPerson，你不应该先创建一个数十亿个其他的对象。如果你这样做，先尝试解决*这些*依赖关系（DI someone？）。最后，这也会缓解一些单位间的依赖关系，但就像我说的那样，我现在不会为这些问题忧心忡忡。 – 2011-12-29 15:46:02
推荐阅读：xUnit测试模式：Gerard Meszaros的重构测试代码 – mjn 2011-12-29 16:47:22