在3d中绘制Python

Question

如何在python中绘制三维图形？

我想绘制轨道轨迹。 Plotting Orbital Trajectories

从上面的链接，我能够得到设置功能的帮助。但我不知道如何在3D中进行绘图。

运行时，它不会生成正确的轨迹。

切换np.linspace到np.arnage会导致内存错误，我在一台运行Xubuntu的64位系统上运行16 GB Ram。

所以我尝试转换距离单位和时间单位，但有些不正确。也许我的数学或别的东西。

我让149.6 * 10 ** 6 = 1 DU。一个TU被定义为mu = DU ** 3/TU ** 2所以1TU = 2241.15和DU/TU = 66751.4使用这些转换，我有：我也尝试使用x2,y2,z2来看看是否会工作。

import numpy as np 
from scipy.integrate import odeint 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from numpy import linspace 
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 

mu = 1 
# r0 = [-149.6 * 10 ** 6, 0.0, 0.0] # Initial position 
# v0 = [29.9652, -5.04769, 0.0]  # Initial velocity 
u0 = [-1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.000448907, -0.0000756192, 0.0] 


def deriv(u, dt): 
    n = -mu/np.sqrt(u[0] ** 2 + u[1] ** 2 + u[2] ** 2) 
    return [u[3],  # dotu[0] = u[3]' 
      u[4],  # dotu[1] = u[4]' 
      u[5],  # dotu[2] = u[5]' 
      u[0] * n,  # dotu[3] = u[0] * n 
      u[1] * n,  # dotu[4] = u[1] * n 
      u[2] * n]  # dotu[5] = u[2] * n 

dt = np.arange(0.0, 20, .0001) # Time to run code in seconds' 
u = odeint(deriv, u0, dt) 
x, y, z, x2, y2, z2 = u.T 

fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
ax.plot(x2, y2, z2) 
plt.show() 

但这个情节是不正确的。它应该是一个保持相同轨迹的椭圆。

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# This program solves the 3 Body Problem numerically and plots the 
# trajectories 

import numpy as np 
from scipy.integrate import odeint 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from numpy import linspace 
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 

mu = 132712000000.0 
# r0 = [-149.6 * 10 ** 6, 0.0, 0.0] # Initial position 
# v0 = [29.9652, -5.04769, 0.0]  # Initial velocity 
u0 = [-149.6 * 10 ** 6, 0.0, 0.0, 29.9652, -5.04769, 0.0] 


def deriv(u, dt): 
    n = -mu/np.sqrt(u[0] ** 2 + u[1] ** 2 + u[2] ** 2) 
    return [u[3],  # dotu[0] = u[3]' 
      u[4],  # dotu[1] = u[4]' 
      u[5],  # dotu[2] = u[5]' 
      u[0] * n,  # dotu[3] = u[0] * n 
      u[1] * n,  # dotu[4] = u[1] * n 
      u[2] * n]  # dotu[5] = u[2] * n 

dt = np.linspace(0.0, 86400 * 700, 5000) # Time to run code in seconds' 
u = odeint(deriv, u0, dt) 
x, y, z, x2, y2, z2 = u.T 

fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
ax.plot(x, y, z) 
plt.show() 

Answer 1

你可以从字面上采取从页面@sashkello第几行，并插上x，y，并且z您从ODE求解了。

从http://matplotlib.org/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tutorial.html复制：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D 

#<<solve for x, y, z here>># 

fig = plt.figure() 
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') 
ax.plot(x, y, z) 
plt.show()