如何使用Spring运行DB单元测试 - 无法加载ApplicationContext

我有Hsql DB，我想在我的Spring REST控制器上运行测试。我有我的测试类标签：如何使用Spring运行DB单元测试 - 无法加载ApplicationContext

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:META-INF/webcore-servlet-test.xml"}) 
@Transactional 
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true) 
@TestExecutionListeners({TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class}) //should I include this line, if you explain you are welcome

公共类DeviceControllerTest {

@Autowired 
private YService yService; 
...

编辑：完整的堆栈跟踪如下：

Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframew[email protected]7215fb38] to process 'before' execution of test method [public void com.z.z.controller.DeviceControllerTest.testGetByName()] for test instance [[email protected]] 
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:203) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.getTransactionManager(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:298) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:146) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:292) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.runBefores(SpringMethodRoadie.java:270) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie$RunBeforesThenTestThenAfters.run(SpringMethodRoadie.java:332) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.runWithRepetitions(SpringMethodRoadie.java:217) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.runTest(SpringMethodRoadie.java:197) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.run(SpringMethodRoadie.java:143) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:142) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:61) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner$1.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:54) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44) 
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:52) 
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:62) 
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.executeTestSet(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:140) 
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.execute(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:127) 
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:177) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:616) 
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireBooter.java:345) 
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.main(SurefireBooter.java:1009) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'YController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: protected com.z.z.service.ZService com.z.z.controller.YController.ZService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'Zservice': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: org.a.a.service.PersistenceService com.z.z.service.Impl.ZServiceImpl.persistenceService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'persistenceService': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1074) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:288) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:190) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:580) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:895) 
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:425) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:96) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:44) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:173) 
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:199) 
    ... 24 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: protected com.z.z.service.ZService com.z.z.controller.YController.ZService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'Zservice': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: org.a.a.service.PersistenceService com.z.z.service.Impl.ZServiceImpl.persistenceService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'persistenceService': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:502) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:282) 
    ... 38 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'Zservice': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: org.a.a.service.PersistenceService com.endersys.z.z.Impl.ZServiceImpl.persistenceService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'persistenceService': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1074) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:288) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:190) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:844) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:786) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:474) 
    ... 40 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: org.a.a.service.PersistenceService com.z.z.service.Impl.ZServiceImpl.persistenceService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'persistenceService': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:502) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:282) 
    ... 51 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'persistenceService': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0 
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:341) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1074) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:288) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:190) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:844) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:786) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:474) 
    ... 53 more 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0 
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findDefaultEntityManagerFactory(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:536) 
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findEntityManagerFactory(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:495) 
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$PersistenceElement.resolveEntityManager(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:656) 
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$PersistenceElement.getResourceToInject(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:629) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:147) 
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84) 
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:338) 
    ... 64 more

PS 1：我改变了原来的变量名，所以可能会有一些不一致。 PS 2：我读到：

TestContext框架没有器械，其一个测试实例的实例的方式。因此，使用@Autowired作为构造函数对测试类没有影响。

在：http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/2.5.x/reference/testing.html

是否与我的问题呢？

来源

2011-10-26 kamaci

请发布完整的堆栈跟踪。 – Ralph

异常堆栈跟踪的重要部分被切断。 – jeha

@Ralph我添加了完整的堆栈跟踪。 – kamaci

您的情况似乎没有entityManagerFactory。添加类似：

<bean id="entityManagerFactory" 
    class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean" 
    p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" p:persistenceXmlLocation="META-INF/persistence.xml" />

关于你提到的TransactionalTestExecutionListener问题：

注解事务Spring的测试样

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/applicationContext-test.xml" }) 
@Transactional 
public class FoobarTest { 
    // ... 
}

足够的回滚默认为true。

从上TransactionalTestExecutionListener Spring参考：

在TestContext框架，交易是由TransactionalTestExecutionListener，他们通过默认@TestExecutionListeners注释配置管理，即使你没有明确的声明@TestExecutionListeners你的测试班。

来源

2011-10-26 06:55:38 jeha

我添加了完整的堆栈跟踪。 – kamaci

@kamaci：你没有'entityManagerFactory';我更新了我的答案 – jeha

将您的“测试类”DeviceControllerTest放入包中，例如org.example.controller，它们将位于/ src/test/java中。在您的文件夹/ src/test/resources中创建具有相同名称的包，它表示org.example.controller并放在那里DeviceControllerTest-context.xml

DeviceControllerTest-context。XML文件应该是这样：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
     xmlns:si="http://www.springframework.org/schema/integration" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
     xsi:schemaLocation=" 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/integration http://www.springframework.org/schema/integration/spring-integration.xsd 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 

    <!--{your application name}-local.properties - this properties will be taken for process your test. This properties located in /src/test/recources--> 
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:*application-default.properties, classpath*:{your application name}-local.properties" /> 


    <bean class="{your class with you want use to @Autowired}[org.example.yService]" />

这一切manupulations你的“测试类”后的样子：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
@ContextConfiguration 
public class DeviceControllerTest { 

    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(DeviceControllerTest .class); 

    @Autowired 
    private YService yService; 

    @Test 
    public void test() { 
     //some actions TODO 
    } 
}

这种结构更“漂亮”，因为你总是知道上下文用于某些特定的“测试”，并且您不需要在“测试类”内设置测试类上下文的位置。

来源

2011-10-26 07:32:06 Yury

如何使用Spring运行DB单元测试 - 无法加载ApplicationContext

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