在opengl中未绘制的顶点

我一直在使用带有一些输入的着色器绘制简单的顶点指定（盒状）茶壶模型时出现翻译和旋转问题。我一遍又一遍地检查了我的gl代码和矩阵（在-z上的对象位置，相机在原点等），并没有明白为什么我仍然只是空白屏幕。为了保持代码简洁，我只是在我的模型的基本立方体的代码（一旦我至少得到，我会好起来的）。在opengl中未绘制的顶点

namespace TeapotViewer{ 

class TeapotViewer{ 

private: 
    void intitialize(); 
    void draw(); 
    void reshape(int h, int w); 
    void keyHandle(unsigned char key, int x, int y); 
    void initCamera(); 
    void reset(); 
    void changeAxis(); 
    void rotateOnAxis(float rot); 
    int createCube(int i); 

public: 

};

}

#include "TeapotViewer.h" 

using namespace glm; 

const int S_WIDTH = 800; 
const int S_HEIGHT = 600; 
const float FOV = 100; 
const float P_NEAR = 0.2; 
const float P_FAR = 20.0; 
const float SPOUT_WIDTH = 0.025; 
const float HANDLE_WIDTH = 0.15; 
const float ZERO = 0.0; 
const int numberOfVertices = 104; 
const int noCubeSide = 10; 
const int noCubeFace = 4; 
const int noLine = 2; 

mat4 modelxViewMatrix, projMatrix, viewMatrix, rotationMatrix, translationMatrix; 
vec3 rotationAxis; 
vec3 teapotPosition = vec3(0.0, 0.0,-3.0); 

const vec3 cameraPosition = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); 
const vec3 cameraDirection = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0); 
const vec3 cameraUp = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0); 

vec4 vertices[numberOfVertices]; 
GLuint refVertexArray; 
GLuint refVertexBuffer; 
GLuint refUniformModelxView; 
GLuint refUniformProjection; 

const vec4 body[] = { 

    vec4(-1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0), vec4(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0), 
    vec4(1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0), vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0), 
    vec4(1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0), vec4(1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0), 
    vec4(-1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0), vec4(-1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0) 
}; 

const vec3 xAxis = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); 

const vec3 yAxis = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0); 

const vec3 zAxis = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); 

// draw callback 
void draw(){ 

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); 

    translationMatrix = translate(mat4(), teapotPosition); 

    modelxViewMatrix = viewMatrix*translationMatrix*rotationMatrix; 

    glUniformMatrix4fv(refUniformModelxView, 1, &modelxViewMatrix[0][0]); 
    glUniformMatrix4fv(refUniformProjection, 1, &projMatrix[0][0]); 
    void drawTeapot(); 

    glutSwapBuffers(); 
} 

void drawTeapot(){ 

    int bufferIndex = 0; 
    // draw cube 
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, bufferIndex, noCubeSide); 
    bufferIndex += noCubeSide; 
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, bufferIndex, noCubeFace); 
    bufferIndex += noCubeFace; 
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, bufferIndex, noCubeFace); 
    bufferIndex += noCubeFace; 


    // draw the axis of rotation 
    if (rotationAxis == xAxis){ 

     glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, bufferIndex, noLine); 
     bufferIndex += noLine; 
    } 
    if (rotationAxis == yAxis){ 

     bufferIndex += noLine; 
     glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, bufferIndex, noLine); 
     bufferIndex += noLine; 
    } 
    if (rotationAxis == zAxis){ 

     bufferIndex += noLine*2; 
     glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, bufferIndex, noLine); 
     bufferIndex += noLine; 

    } 
} 

// reset back to the start 
void reset(){ 

    teapotPosition = vec3(0.0, 0.0,-3.0); 

    rotationMatrix = mat4(); 

} 

void changeAxis(){ 

    if(rotationAxis == xAxis) 
     rotationAxis = yAxis; 
    else 
    if(rotationAxis == yAxis) 
     rotationAxis = zAxis; 
    else 
     rotationAxis = xAxis; 
} 

void rotateOnAxis(float rot){ 

    rotationMatrix = rotate(rotationMatrix, rot, rotationAxis); 
} 




// handle keypress 
void keyHandle(unsigned char key, int x, int y){ 

    switch(key){ 

     case 033: 
      exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); 
      break; 
     case '0': 
      reset(); 
      break; 
     case 'a': 
      teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0); 
      break; 
     case 'd': 
      teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.1, 0.0, 0.0); 
      break; 
     case 'w': 
      teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, 0.1, 0.0); 
      break; 
     case 's': 
      teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, -0.1, 0.0); 
      break; 
     case 'q': 
      teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, 0.0, -0.1); 
      break; 
     case 'e': 
      teapotPosition = teapotPosition + vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.1); 
      break; 
     case 'j': 
      changeAxis(); 
      break; 
     case 'k': 
      rotateOnAxis(-5.0); 
      break; 
     case 'l': 
      rotateOnAxis(5.0); 
      break; 
    } 

    glutPostRedisplay(); 
} 


void reshape(int h, int w){ 

    glViewport(0, 0, h, w); 

} 

void initCamera(){ 

    viewMatrix = lookAt(cameraDirection, cameraPosition, cameraUp); 
    projMatrix = perspective(FOV, (float)S_WIDTH/(float)S_HEIGHT, P_NEAR, P_FAR); 
    reset(); 
} 




int createCube(int i){ 

    // sides of the cube 
    vertices[i++] = body[0]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[1]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[2]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[3]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[4]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[5]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[6]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[7]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[0]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[1]; 

    // top 
    vertices[i++] = body[0]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[2]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[4]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[6]; 

    //bottom 
    vertices[i++] = body[1]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[3]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[5]; 
    vertices[i++] = body[7]; 

    std::cout << i << '\n'; 

    return i; 

} 

int createAxes(int i){ 

    // X axis 
    vertices[i++] = vec4(2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); 
    vertices[i++] = vec4(-2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); 

    // Y axis 
    vertices[i++] = vec4(0.0, 2.0, 0.0, 1.0); 
    vertices[i++] = vec4(0.0,-2.0, 0.0, 1.0); 

    // Z axis 
    vertices[i++] = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 1.0); 
    vertices[i++] = vec4(0.0, 0.0,-2.0, 1.0); 

    std::cout << i << '\n'; 

    return i; 
} 

// Initialize 
void initialize(){ 

    // generate vertex data 
    int i = 0; 
    i = createCube(i); 
    i = createAxes(i); 

    if(i != numberOfVertices){ 

     std::cout << "Error creating vertex data: check vertex count\n"; 
     std::exit(0); 
    } 

    // set 
    initCamera(); 

    // load shader and activate shader 
    GLuint refVertexShader = Angel::InitShader("Vertex_Shader.glsl", "Fragment_Shader.glsl"); 
    glUseProgram(refVertexShader); 

    // create and activate a new vertex array object (vao) 
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &refVertexArray); 
    glBindVertexArray(refVertexArray); 

    // create and activate a new buffer array object in the vao 
    glGenBuffers(1, &refVertexBuffer); 
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, refVertexBuffer); 

    // load vertex data into the buffer array 
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); 

    // load postion pipeline variable 
    GLuint refVec4Position = glGetAttribLocation(refVertexShader, "Position"); 
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(refVec4Position); 
    glVertexAttribPointer(refVec4Position, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); 

    // get pointers for uniform variables in shader program 
    refUniformModelxView = glGetUniformLocation(refVertexShader, "ModelxView"); 
    refUniformProjection = glGetUniformLocation(refVertexShader, "Projection"); 

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); 
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); 

    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); 
} 

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ 

    glutInit(&argc, argv); 
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH); 
    glutInitWindowSize(S_WIDTH, S_HEIGHT); 
    glutCreateWindow("TeapotViewer"); 

    glewInit(); 

    initialize(); 

    glutDisplayFunc(draw); 
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape); 
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyHandle); 

    glutMainLoop(); 
    return 0; 
}

顶点着色器

#version 150 
uniform mat4 ModelxView; 
uniform mat4 Projection; 
in vec4 Position; 


void main() 
{ 
    gl_Position = Projection*ModelxView*Position; 
}

片段着色器

 #version 150 
out vec4 fColor; 

void main() 
{ 
    fColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0); 
}

来源

2012-04-17 Darksai

您是否尝试过使用固定功能流水线来渲染它？ – 2012-04-17 11:55:55

@AndreasBrinck：这会如何帮助他让着色器鳕鱼工作？ – 2012-04-17 16:03:31

你可以先在渲染循环中确认glGetError == 0吗？ – Tim 2012-04-17 16:25:41

不知道这一点，因为我不知道发生了什么事的天使：：在幕后，但输出是否正确从你的片段着色器？我认为在glsl 150中，它期望特殊变量gl_FragColor，除非天使做了特定的事情来缓解这一点。

我看了一会儿，但我没有看到任何会导致问题的东西。不幸的是我认为，如果你真的陷入困境，你可能不得不开始写一个更简单的例子（没有函数，只是通过渲染三角形来初始化的直接过程）。

还要确保glGetError至少每draw（）循环调用一次，以确保它不会丢失任何东西。天使在链接/编译失败时会抛出异常吗？

来源

2012-04-17 18:57:01 Tim

所有在天使命名空间是一个函数来加载顶点和片段着色器程序，我从我的教科书的资源引用下载并将InitShader.cpp调整为.hpp，因为如果没有其他我不想使用的源文件，原始头文件将无法编译。

我真的很希望你对gl_FragColor有所了解，这会让你很有意思，现在就试试看。

我跑我的程序打印glGetError（）每帧，它每次返回0。 – Darksai 2012-04-17 21:13:19

没有伤心地工作。我查看了glsl 1.5规范，gl_fragColor已被弃用，Web上1.5的其他示例以同样的方式用用户定义的变量输出颜色。 – Darksai 2012-04-17 21:38:47

@Darksai我的错误，对不起 – Tim 2012-04-17 21:40:08

嗯，这个怎么样：

viewMatrix = lookAt(cameraDirection, cameraPosition, cameraUp);

这是相同的lookAt如gluLookAt？在这个功能中，原型是(position, lookAtPoint, cameraUp)，这是你所得到的结果。

来源

2012-04-17 21:47:24 Tim

在opengl中未绘制的顶点

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