为什么不使用我的索引？

Question

我有两个表：

mysql> desc myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo; 

+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 
| Field  | Type   | Null | Key | Default | Extra   | 
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 
| id  | int(11)  | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | 
| user_id | int(11)  | NO | MUL | NULL |    | 
| trophy_id | int(11)  | NO | MUL | NULL |    | 
| date  | datetime  | NO | MUL | NULL |    | 
| date_read | varchar(100) | NO |  | NULL |    | 
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 
5 rows in set (0.19 sec) 


mysql> show index from myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo; 

+---------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 
| Table      | Non_unique | Key_name       | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | 
+---------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 
| myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo |   0 | PRIMARY       |   1 | id   | A   |  4004589 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
| myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo |   0 | user_id       |   1 | user_id  | A   |  7686 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
| myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo |   0 | user_id       |   2 | trophy_id | A   |  4004589 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
| myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo |   1 | myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo_403f60f |   1 | user_id  | A   |  7686 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
| myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo |   1 | myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo_61a683d8 |   1 | trophy_id | A   |  22624 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
| myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo |   1 | idx_gameusertrophyinfo_date  |   1 | date  | A   |  4004589 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
+---------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 
7 rows in set (0.06 sec) 

其他表：

mysql> desc myps3t_gametrophyinfo ; 
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 
| Field  | Type   | Null | Key | Default | Extra   | 
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 
| id  | int(11)  | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | 
| game_id | int(11)  | NO | MUL | NULL |    | 
| name  | varchar(500) | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| desc  | varchar(500) | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| type  | varchar(20) | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| pic_url | varchar(200) | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| desc_pt | varchar(500) | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| name_pt | varchar(500) | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| hidden_id | int(11)  | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| total_id | int(11)  | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| trophy_id | int(11)  | NO |  | NULL |    | 
| addon_id | int(11)  | YES |  | NULL |    | 
| points | double  | NO |  | 0  |    | 
| sony_id | int(11)  | YES |  | NULL |    | 
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 
14 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

mysql> show index from myps3t_gametrophyinfo; 
+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 
| Table     | Non_unique | Key_name      | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | 
+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 
| myps3t_gametrophyinfo |   0 | PRIMARY      |   1 | id   | A   |  25976 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
| myps3t_gametrophyinfo |   1 | myps3t_gametrophyinfo_game_id |   1 | game_id  | A   |   764 |  NULL | NULL |  | BTREE  |   | 
+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 

当我做到这一点查询：

mysql> explain select * from myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo a, myps3t_gametrophyinfo b where a.trophy_id = b.id and b.addon_id = 58;          +----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------------------+---------+-------------+ 
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys            | key  | key_len | ref       | rows | Extra  | 
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------------------+---------+-------------+ 
| 1 | SIMPLE  | a  | ALL | myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo_61a683d8,myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo | NULL | NULL | NULL      | 4004592 |    | 
| 1 | SIMPLE  | b  | eq_ref | PRIMARY              | PRIMARY | 4  | fabriciols_ps3t.a.trophy_id |  1 | Using where | 
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-----------------------------+---------+-------------+ 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

为什么MySQL的不使用我的钥匙？ 此查询需要30多秒，第一次表有4milion记录...

- 编辑 -

为quasnoi

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*), COUNT(DISTINCT addon_id), SUM(addon_id = 58) FROM myps3t_gametrophyinfo; 
+----------+--------------------------+--------------------+ 
| COUNT(*) | COUNT(DISTINCT addon_id) | SUM(addon_id = 58) | 
+----------+--------------------------+--------------------+ 
| 25976 |      160 |     6 | 
+----------+--------------------------+--------------------+ 
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 

Answer 1

MySQL选择a作为一个领先的桌子和b为一个驱动的桌子。它在b上使用PRIMARY KEY作为连接。

创建索引myps3t_gametrophyinfo (addon_id)，这样b将更有可能被选为主表。

Answer 2

您可以尝试

select * from 
myps3t_gametrophyinfo b 
STRAIGHT_JOIN myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo a ON (a.trophy_id = b.id) 
WHERE b.addon_id = 58; 

Answer 3

我可能会重写查询，试图获得一个更健全的执行路径。我觉得像下面是更容易得到你想要的性能，是你在做一个人的读者有什么更清晰

SELECT * FROM myps3t_gametrophyinfo a LEFT JOIN myps3t_gameusertrophyinfo b ON a.id = b.trophy_id WHERE a.addon_id=58;