通过调整heatmap的源代码，存在肮脏但不是快速的解决方案。不灵活，但稍加努力：
- 请参阅下面的代码中的评论a;
cexRow and cexCol;- 调整
line;
- 将行轴的一侧改为右侧（请参阅下面代码中的注释b）;
的是修改后的功能：
heatmap <- function (x,
Rowv = NULL,
Colv = if (symm) "Rowv" else NULL,
distfun = dist,
hclustfun = hclust,
reorderfun = function(d, w) reorder(d, w),
add.expr,
symm = FALSE,
revC = identical(Colv, "Rowv"),
scale = c("row", "column", "none"),
na.rm = TRUE,
margins = c(5, 5),
ColSideColors,
RowSideColors,
cexRow = 0.2 +
1/log10(nr),
cexCol = 0.2 + 1/log10(nc),
labRow = NULL,
labCol = NULL,
main = NULL,
xlab = NULL,
ylab = NULL,
keep.dendro = FALSE,
verbose = getOption("verbose"),
...)
{
scale <- if (symm && missing(scale))
"none"
else match.arg(scale)
if (length(di <- dim(x)) != 2 || !is.numeric(x))
stop("'x' must be a numeric matrix")
nr <- di[1L]
nc <- di[2L]
if (nr <= 1 || nc <= 1)
stop("'x' must have at least 2 rows and 2 columns")
if (!is.numeric(margins) || length(margins) != 2L)
stop("'margins' must be a numeric vector of length 2")
doRdend <- !identical(Rowv, NA)
doCdend <- !identical(Colv, NA)
if (!doRdend && identical(Colv, "Rowv"))
doCdend <- FALSE
if (is.null(Rowv))
Rowv <- rowMeans(x, na.rm = na.rm)
if (is.null(Colv))
Colv <- colMeans(x, na.rm = na.rm)
if (doRdend) {
if (inherits(Rowv, "dendrogram"))
ddr <- Rowv
else {
hcr <- hclustfun(distfun(x))
ddr <- as.dendrogram(hcr)
if (!is.logical(Rowv) || Rowv)
ddr <- reorderfun(ddr, Rowv)
}
if (nr != length(rowInd <- order.dendrogram(ddr)))
stop("row dendrogram ordering gave index of wrong length")
}
else rowInd <- 1L:nr
if (doCdend) {
if (inherits(Colv, "dendrogram"))
ddc <- Colv
else if (identical(Colv, "Rowv")) {
if (nr != nc)
stop("Colv = \"Rowv\" but nrow(x) != ncol(x)")
ddc <- ddr
}
else {
hcc <- hclustfun(distfun(if (symm)
x
else t(x)))
ddc <- as.dendrogram(hcc)
if (!is.logical(Colv) || Colv)
ddc <- reorderfun(ddc, Colv)
}
if (nc != length(colInd <- order.dendrogram(ddc)))
stop("column dendrogram ordering gave index of wrong length")
}
else colInd <- 1L:nc
x <- x[rowInd, colInd]
labRow <- if (is.null(labRow))
if (is.null(rownames(x)))
(1L:nr)[rowInd]
else rownames(x)
else labRow[rowInd]
labCol <- if (is.null(labCol))
if (is.null(colnames(x)))
(1L:nc)[colInd]
else colnames(x)
else labCol[colInd]
if (scale == "row") {
x <- sweep(x, 1L, rowMeans(x, na.rm = na.rm), check.margin = FALSE)
sx <- apply(x, 1L, sd, na.rm = na.rm)
x <- sweep(x, 1L, sx, "/", check.margin = FALSE)
}
else if (scale == "column") {
x <- sweep(x, 2L, colMeans(x, na.rm = na.rm), check.margin = FALSE)
sx <- apply(x, 2L, sd, na.rm = na.rm)
x <- sweep(x, 2L, sx, "/", check.margin = FALSE)
}
lmat <- rbind(c(NA, 3), 2:1)
lwid <- c(if (doRdend) 1 else 0.05, 4)
lhei <- c((if (doCdend) 1 else 0.05) + if (!is.null(main)) 0.2 else 0,
4)
if (!missing(ColSideColors)) {
if (!is.character(ColSideColors) || length(ColSideColors) !=
nc)
stop("'ColSideColors' must be a character vector of length ncol(x)")
lmat <- rbind(lmat[1, ] + 1, c(NA, 1), lmat[2, ] + 1)
lhei <- c(lhei[1L], 0.2, lhei[2L])
}
if (!missing(RowSideColors)) {
if (!is.character(RowSideColors) || length(RowSideColors) !=
nr)
stop("'RowSideColors' must be a character vector of length nrow(x)")
lmat <- cbind(lmat[, 1] + 1, c(rep(NA, nrow(lmat) - 1),
1), lmat[, 2] + 1)
lwid <- c(lwid[1L], 0.2, lwid[2L])
}
lmat[is.na(lmat)] <- 0
if (verbose) {
cat("layout: widths = ", lwid, ", heights = ", lhei,
"; lmat=\n")
print(lmat)
}
dev.hold()
on.exit(dev.flush())
op <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)
on.exit(par(op), add = TRUE)
layout(lmat, widths = lwid, heights = lhei, respect = TRUE)
if (!missing(RowSideColors)) {
par(mar = c(margins[1L], 0, 0, 0.5))
image(rbind(if (revC)
nr:1L
else 1L:nr), col = RowSideColors[rowInd], axes = FALSE)
}
if (!missing(ColSideColors)) {
par(mar = c(0.5, 0, 0, margins[2L]))
image(cbind(1L:nc), col = ColSideColors[colInd], axes = FALSE)
}
# -------------------------- a -----------------------
# plot main figure
# the following line controls margins around
par(mar = c(margins[1L], 5, 5, margins[2L]))
if (!symm || scale != "none")
x <- t(x)
if (revC) {
iy <- nr:1
if (doRdend)
ddr <- rev(ddr)
x <- x[, iy]
}
else iy <- 1L:nr
image(1L:nc, 1L:nr, x, xlim = 0.5 + c(0, nc), ylim = 0.5 +
c(0, nr), axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "", ...)
axis(1, 1L:nc, labels = labCol, las = 2, line = -0.5, tick = 0,
cex.axis = cexCol)
if (!is.null(xlab))
mtext(xlab, side = 1, line = margins[1L] - 1.25)
# ----------------------- b --------------------------------
# which side to plot rownames: right = 2
axis(2, iy, labels = labRow, las = 2, line = -0.5, tick = 0,
cex.axis = cexRow)
if (!is.null(ylab))
# remember to change this to 2 as well
mtext(ylab, side = 2, line = margins[2L] - 1.25)
if (!missing(add.expr))
eval.parent(substitute(add.expr))
# plot row dendro
par(mar = c(margins[1L], 0, 0, 0))
if (doRdend)
plot(ddr, horiz = TRUE, axes = FALSE, yaxs = "i", leaflab = "none")
else frame()
# plot col dendro
par(mar = c(0, 0, if (!is.null(main)) 1 else 0, margins[2L]))
if (doCdend)
plot(ddc, axes = FALSE, xaxs = "i", leaflab = "none")
else if (!is.null(main))
frame()
# title
if (!is.null(main)) {
par(xpd = NA, mar = c(0, 0, 1, 0))
title(main, cex.main = 1.5 * op[["cex.main"]])
}
invisible(list(rowInd = rowInd, colInd = colInd,
Rowv = if (keep.dendro && doRdend) ddr,
Colv = if (keep.dendro && doCdend) ddc))
}
绘制热图：
heatmap(
vkm,
Rowv = NA,
Colv = NA,
cexRow = 1,
cexCol = 1,
margins = c(3, 5),
main = "Ionospheric Reflection Variance"
)
mtext("K-Means Cluster Size Analysis: 2-10", line = 0)
这是图中的样子： 
然而，可以这样做更灵活用ggplot2::geom_raster：
library(ggplot2)
df <- expand.grid(
vars = rownames(vkm),
cols = colnames(vkm)
)
df$value <- c(vkm)
ggplot(df, aes(x = cols, y = vars)) +
geom_raster(aes(fill = value)) +
scale_fill_gradient(low = 'red', high = 'yellow') +
ggtitle(bquote(
atop("Ionospheric Reflection Variance",
atop("K-Means Cluster Size Analysis: 2-10")))) +
theme(
axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_blank()
)
结果是： 
ROW和COL名大小可以用'cexRow'和'cexCox'进行调整。 – mt1022