2009-08-03 88 views
20

为了演示目的,什么是散列时碰撞的字符串的几个例子? MD5是一个相对标准的散列选项,所以这就足够了。哈希碰撞的例子?

+1

我认为这是一个有效的问题。可能不是要求示例代码,但它与编程有关。 – user142350 2009-08-03 19:53:54

回答

23

This page提供散列为相同的值128个字节值的这些例子:

d131dd02c5e6eec4693d9a0698aff95c 2fcab58712467eab4004583eb8fb7f89 
55ad340609f4b30283e488832571415a 085125e8f7cdc99fd91dbdf280373c5b 
d8823e3156348f5bae6dacd436c919c6 dd53e2b487da03fd02396306d248cda0 
e99f33420f577ee8ce54b67080a80d1e c69821bcb6a8839396f9652b6ff72a70 

d131dd02c5e6eec4693d9a0698aff95c 2fcab50712467eab4004583eb8fb7f89 
55ad340609f4b30283e4888325f1415a 085125e8f7cdc99fd91dbd7280373c5b 
d8823e3156348f5bae6dacd436c919c6 dd53e23487da03fd02396306d248cda0 
e99f33420f577ee8ce54b67080280d1e c69821bcb6a8839396f965ab6ff72a70 

注意,虽然你的问题问“串”的碰撞,MD5被定义过二进制数据,所以“字符串”的正常文本含义并不适用。允许您采用文本数据MD5哈希的语言和库通常意味着“以指定编码对字符串进行编码,然后对结果进行哈希处理”。

+15

嗨,jon skeet也使用google,也是:) – tanascius 2009-08-03 19:19:36

+1

谢谢Jon,因为发布了一个答案,并且用链接赞美了*。 – Sampson 2009-08-03 19:29:43

+2

@Downvoter:小心留下你对我的回答错觉的评论吗? – 2009-08-03 19:50:32

10

如果目的是要说明为什么或散列函数如何导致冲突,而不是MD5明确,清晰的哈希函数,我知道的是简单的模块化分工。假设您将值存储在大小为10的数组中。要找到存储特定值x的索引,index = x%10.很明显,在这个小型哈希表中将存在冲突的批次,因为例如,'A'(65)和'K'(75)都会散列为5.MD5可以产生不同的值,所以碰撞的可能性要小得多,但仍然有可能。

34

我知道的第二个最有趣的碰撞是这样的:

(30820432)3082039ba003020102020309cfc7300d06092a864886f70d0101040500305a310b300906 
0355040613025553311c301a060355040a1313457175696661782053656375726520496e632e312d 
302b06035504031324457175696661782053656375726520476c6f62616c2065427573696e657373 
2043412d31301e170d3038313130333037353230325a170d3039313130343037353230325a308201 
1c310b300906035504061302555331493047060355040a1340692e62726f6b652e7468652e696e74 
65726e65742e616e642e616c6c2e692e676f742e7761732e746869732e742d73686972742e706872 
6565646f6d2e6f726731133011060355040b130a475431313032393030313131302f060355040b13 
28536565207777772e726170696473736c2e636f6d2f7265736f75726365732f6370732028632930 
38312f302d060355040b1326446f6d61696e20436f6e74726f6c2056616c696461746564202d2052 
6170696453534c2852293149304706035504031340692e62726f6b652e7468652e696e7465726e65 
742e616e642e616c6c2e692e676f742e7761732e746869732e742d73686972742e7068726565646f 
6d2e6f726730820122300d06092a864886f70d01010105000382010f003082010a0282010100b2d3 
2581aa28e878b1e50ad53c0f36576ea95f06410e6bb4cb07170000005bfd6b1c7b9ce8a9a3c5450b 
36bb01d153aac3088f6ff84f3e87874411dc60e0df9255f9b8731b5493c59fd046c460b63562cdb9 
af1ca86b1ac95b3c9637c0ed67efbbfec08b9c502f29bd83229e8e08faac1370a2587f62628a11f7 
89f6dfb667597316fb63168ab49138ce2ef5b6be4ca49449e465510a4215c9c130e269d5457da526 
bbb961ec6264f039e1e7bc68d850519e1d60d3d1a3a70af80320a170011791364f0270318683ddf7 
0fd8071d11b31304a5daf0ae50b1280e63692a0c826f8f4733df6ca20692f14f45bed93036a32b8c 
d677ae35637f4e4c9a934836d99f0203010001a381bd3081ba300e0603551d0f0101ff0404030204 
f0301d0603551d0e04160414cda683faa56037f796371729de4178f1878955e7303b0603551d1f04 
3430323030a02ea02c862a687474703a2f2f63726c2e67656f74727573742e636f6d2f63726c732f 
676c6f62616c6361312e63726c301f0603551d23041830168014bea8a07472506b44b7c923d8fba8 
ffb3576b686c301d0603551d250416301406082b0601050507030106082b06010505070302300c06 
03551d130101ff04023000(300d06092a864886f70d010104050003818100a721028dd10ea2807725 
fd4360158fecef9047d484421526111ccdc23c1029a9b6dfab577591dae52bb390451c3063563f8a 
d950faed586cc065ac6657de1cc6763bf5000e8e45ce7f4c90ec2bc6cdb3b48f62d0feb7c5267244 
edf6985baecbd195f5da08be6846b175c8ec1d8f1e7a94f1aa5378a245ae54ead19e74c87667) 

,与此碰撞(去掉括号中的部分):

(30820432)3082039ba003020102020141300d06092a864886f70d0101040500305a310b3009060355 
040613025553311c301a060355040a1313457175696661782053656375726520496e632e312d302b 
06035504031324457175696661782053656375726520476c6f62616c2065427573696e6573732043 
412d31301e170d3034303733313030303030305a170d3034303930323030303030305a303c313a30 
38060355040313314d443520436f6c6c6973696f6e7320496e632e2028687474703a2f2f7777772e 
7068726565646f6d2e6f72672f6d64352930819f300d06092a864886f70d010101050003818d0030 
818902818100baa659c92c28d62ab0f8ed9f46a4a437ee0e196859d1b3039951d6169a5e376b15e0 
0e4bf58464f8a3db416f35d59b151fdbc438527081975e8fa0b5f77e39f032ac1ead44d2b3fa48c3 
ce919becf49c7ce15af5c8376b9a83dee7ca2097314273159168f488aff92828c5e90f73b0174b13 
4c9975d044e67e086c1af24f1b410203010001a382022430820220300b0603551d0f0404030201c6 
300f0603551d130101ff040530030101ff301d0603551d0e04160414a704601fab724308c57f0890 
55561cd6cee638eb301f0603551d23041830168014bea8a07472506b44b7c923d8fba8ffb3576b68 
6c308201be06096086480186f842010d048201af168201ab33000000275e39e089610f4ea3c5450b 
36bb01d153aac3088f6ff84f3e87874411dc60e0df9255f9b8731b5493c59fd046c460b63562cdb9 
af1ca8691ac95b3c9637c0ed67efbbfec08b9c502f29bd83229e8e08faac1370a2587f62628a11f7 
89f6dfb667597316fb63168ab49138ce2ef5b6be4ca49449e465110a4215c9c130e269d5457da526 
bbb961ec6264f039e1e7bc68d850519e1d60d3d1a3a70af80320a170011791364f0270318683ddf7 
0fd8071d11b31304a5dcf0ae50b1280e63692a0c826f8f4733df6ca20692f14f45bed93036a32b8c 
d677ae35637f4e4c9a934836d99f0203010001a381bd3081ba300e0603551d0f0101ff0404030204 
f0301d0603551d0e04160414cda683faa56037f796371729de4178f1878955e7303b0603551d1f04 
3430323030a02ea02c862a687474703a2f2f63726c2e67656f74727573742e636f6d2f63726c732f 
676c6f62616c6361312e63726c301f0603551d23041830168014bea8a07472506b44b7c923d8fba8 
ffb3576b686c301d0603551d250416301406082b0601050507030106082b06010505070302300c06 
03551d130101ff04023000(300d06092a864886f70d010104050003818100a721028dd10ea2807725 
fd4360158fecef9047d484421526111ccdc23c1029a9b6dfab577591dae52bb390451c3063563f8a 
d950faed586cc065ac6657de1cc6763bf5000e8e45ce7f4c90ec2bc6cdb3b48f62d0feb7c5267244 
edf6985baecbd195f5da08be6846b175c8ec1d8f1e7a94f1aa5378a245ae54ead19e74c87667) 

这些都是这两个X.509证书只第一个实际上是由证书颁发机构签署的。第一部分只是一个头部,但最后一部分(你会注意到在两个证书中是相同的)是冲突消息的MD5哈希的RSA签名。这意味着第二个(假)证书将被验证为已由证书颁发机构的专用RSA密钥签名。

这种攻击涉及多于200的Playstation 3制备攻击并在攻击者的一部分一些巧妙的定时。欲了解更多详情,请参阅:MD5 considered harmful today

最有趣的碰撞,我知道的是在火焰间谍恶意软件所使用的。使用不同但类似的技术,先进的持续威胁(最有可能是西方情报机构)创建了一个声称已由微软签署的伪代码签名证书。例如参见this article。不幸的是,我无法访问实际的证书和实际的MD5冲突。